竹纤维密胺餐具中三聚氰胺和甲醛在酸性条件下的迁移量测定

Migration of melamine and formaldehyde under acidic conditions in bamboo fiber-melamine resin tableware

目的通过研究竹纤维密胺餐具中三聚氰胺和甲醛在酸性条件下的迁移规律,讨论影响迁移水平和安全风险的主要因素,对该类产品的安全管理提供建议。方法采集市场上不同品牌且明确标识含有竹纤维的密胺餐具14种(包括婴幼儿餐具),选择10%(V/V)乙醇和4%(V/V)乙酸,按照GB 5009.156—2016的方法浸泡餐具,再参照食品安全国家标准GB 31604.15—2016和GB 31604.48—2016开展酸性条件下的迁移试验研究。结果竹纤维密胺餐具在接触4%(V/V)乙酸时,三聚氰胺和甲醛的迁移水平远高于10%(V/V)乙醇。对单个样品而言,三聚氰胺和甲醛的迁移趋势呈正相关的规律,且长期重复接触酸性较强的食品时迁移量超标的可能性更高。随着使用次数的增加,两者的整体迁移水平逐渐升高,该规律在竹纤维添加量较高的制品中更为明显。结论竹纤维密胺餐具中的三聚氰胺和甲醛的迁移规律在多次重复使用后仍基本一致;其中三聚氰胺的迁移水平更能反映树脂的分解情况。该类产品长期重复接触酸性食品时三聚氰胺或甲醛迁移量超标的可能性更高,尤其对于婴幼儿产品。应加强标签标识及消费者指导,杜绝使用不合规原料,促进行业良性发展。

Objective To study the migration rule of melamine and formaldehyde under acidic conditions in bamboo fiber-melamine resin(BM)tableware,discuss the main factors affecting the migration level and safety risks,and provide suggestions for the safety management of such products.Methods A total of 14 brands of BM tableware(including baby and infant tableware)with clear identification of bamboo fiber in the market were collected.Ethanol(10%,V/V)and acetic acid(4%,V/V)were selected,and the tableware were soaked in according to GB 5009.156—2016,and then conduct migration tests under acidic conditions according to the national food safety standards GB 31604.15—2016 and GB 31604.48—2016.Results When BM tableware was exposed to 4%(V/V)acetic acid,the migration level of melamine and formaldehyde was much higher than that of 10%(V/V)ethanol.For a single sample,the migration trend of melamine and formaldehyde was positively correlated,and long-term repeated exposure to more acidic food may have caused a higher chance of excessive migration.With increased frequency of use,the migration level of melamine and formaldehyde increased gradually,which was more obvious in the products with higher bamboo fiber addition.Conclusion The migration rules of melamine and formaldehyde in BM tableware were basically the same after long term repeated use.The migration level of melamine better reflected the decomposition of resin.BM tableware had a higher chance of excessive migration when repeatedly contacting acidic food for a long time,especially for infant products.The guidance on labels and consumer education should be strengthened and the use of non-conforming raw materials should be eliminated to promote the development of the industry within safety standards.