盔甲式胸带在胸骨裂开患者修复术后的应用效果

Application effects of armor chest straps in patients with sternal dehiscence after repair surgery

目的探讨盔甲式胸带在胸骨裂开患者修复术后的应用效果。方法该研究为回顾性队列研究。将2020年3月—2021年3月空军军医大学第一附属医院(以下简称本院)收治的行胸骨裂开修复术且术后使用常规胸带的11例患者纳入常规胸带组,将2021年4月—2022年3月本院收治的行胸骨裂开修复术且术后使用盔甲式胸带的12例患者纳入盔甲式胸带组。成立胸骨裂开修复专项小组,组内责任护士为2组患者指导正确腹式呼吸方法,手术组成员为2组患者开展个性化手术并佩戴相应胸带。统计术后第1天腹式呼吸频率、胸式呼吸频率;患者采用数字评定量表自评术后6、24、48、72 h疼痛强度;记录术后第1次主动咳嗽时间和伤口愈合时间;记录术后拆线时呼吸运动致伤口缝线切割长度;记录术后2周内皮瓣局部有无红肿、渗出等并发症,随访3~12个月有无伤口裂开或感染等并发症,计算术后并发症发生比例;术后6个月,采用温哥华瘢痕量表评价瘢痕情况。结果盔甲式胸带组患者术后第1天的腹式呼吸频率为(16.3±1.2)次/min,明显高于常规胸带组的(5.3±1.4)次/min(t=20.00,P<0.05);胸式呼吸频率为(1.2±0.8)次/min,明显低于常规胸带组的(12.4±1.5)次/min(t=22.36,P<0.05)。盔甲式胸带组患者术后6、24、48、72 h疼痛强度评分均明显低于常规胸带组(t值分别为15.07、14.70、13.66、11.03,P<0.05)。盔甲式胸带组患者术后第1次主动咳嗽时间、伤口愈合时间均明显早于常规胸带组(t值分别为5.51、8.90,P<0.05)。术后拆线时,常规胸带组患者呼吸运动致伤口缝线切割长度为2.0(0,5.0)mm,明显长于盔甲式胸带组的2.0(1.0,2.0)mm(Z=4.10,P<0.05)。2组患者术后并发症发生比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6个月,盔甲式胸带组患者瘢痕评分为(4.1±1.4)分,明显低于常规胸带组的(5.6±1.4)分(t=2.71,P<0.05)。结论在胸骨裂开患者修复术后应用盔甲式胸带可提高腹式呼吸频率,减轻伤口切割力,有效缓解术后疼痛,加快第1次主动咳嗽和伤口愈合速度,减轻术后瘢痕增生,应用效果较好。

Objective To investigate the application effects of armor chest straps in patients with sternal dehiscence after repair surgery.Methods This study was a retrospective cohort study.The 11 patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University(hereinafter referred to as the hospital)from March 2020 to March 2021 and used conventional chest straps after sternal dehiscence repair surgery were included in conventional chest strap group.The 12 patients who were admitted to the hospital from April 2021 to March 2022 and used armor chest straps after sternal dehiscence repair surgery were included in armor chest strap group.A special team for sternal dehiscence repair was set up,and the nurses in charge in the team instructed the patients in 2 groups on the correct abdominal breathing method,and the members of the surgical team performed the personalized surgery and wore the corresponding chest straps for the patients in 2 groups.The abdominal breathing frequency and chest breathing frequency on the first day after surgery were recorded.The pain intensity at 6,24,48,and 72 h after surgery was self-rated by the patients using numerical rating scale.The time of the first active cough and the time of wound healing after surgery were recorded.At postoperative suture removal,the cutting length of sutures induced by respiratory exercise was recorded.Whether there were complications such as redness,swelling,and exudation in flaps within 2 weeks after surgery were recorded,whether there were complications such as wound dehiscence or infection during follow-up of 3-12 months were recorded,and the incidence proportion of postoperative complications was calculated.At 6 months after surgery,the patients'scar status was evaluated by the Vancouver scar scale.Results The abdominal breathing frequency of patients in armor chest strap group was(16.3±1.2)times/min on the first day after surgery,which was significantly higher than(5.3±1.4)times/min in conventional chest strap group(t=20.00,P<0.05),and the chest breath-ing frequency was(1.2±0.8)times/min,which was significantly lower than(12.4±1.5)times/min in conventional chest strap group(t=22.36,P<0.05).The pain intensity scores of patients in armor chest strap group at 6,24,48,and 72 h after surgery were significantly lower than those in conventional chest strap group(with t values of 15.07,14.70,13.66,and 11.03,respectively,P<0.05).The time of the first active cough and the time of wound healing after surgery of patients in armor chest strap group were significantly sooner than those in conventional chest strap group(with t values of 5.51 and 8.90,respectively,P<0.05).At postoperative suture removal,the cutting length of sutures induced by respiratory exercise of patients in conventional chest strap group was 2.0(0,5.0)mm,which was significantly longer than 2.0(1.0,2.0)mm in armor chest strap group(Z=4.10,P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence proportion of postoperative complications of patients between the 2 groups(P>0.05).At 6 months after surgery,the scar score of patients in armor chest strap group was 4.1±1.4,which was significantly lower than 5.6±1.4 in conventional chest strap group(t=2.71,P<0.05).Conclusions The application of armor chest strap in patients with sternal dehiscence after repair surgery can increase the abdominal breathing frequency,reduce the wound cutting force,effectively relieve postoperative pain,increase the first active cough and wound healing speed,and alleviate postoperative scar proliferation,achieving good application effect.