新闻报道中合理核实义务因素的认定及其启示

The Identification of Reasonable Verification Obligations and Its Revelation in the News Report

《中华人民共和国民法典》首次提出了合理核实义务,并规定了认定合理核实义务的六个因素,最大限度地平衡了新闻媒体的舆论监督和名誉权保护。然而,新闻工作者对合理核实义务的理解与贯彻仍处于探索阶段。本研究选择中国裁判文书网、北大法宝、威科先行三个法律数据库作为样本来源,通过对民法典施行后涉诉媒体被适用合理核实义务因素的频率分析,得出“受害人名誉受贬损的可能性”是适用最频繁的单个因素,而“内容的时限性”和“核实能力与核实成本”是最被弱化的要件。“内容来源的可信度+受害人名誉受贬损的可能性”是决定媒体胜败的组合关键因素。核实义务也应该分层级,专业新闻媒体、网络服务提供者、自媒体应负有不同的合理核实义务。

The Civil Code of the People's Republic of China for the first time proposed a reasonable verification obligation and stipulated six factors to identify reasonable verification obligations.This maximizes the balance between the supervision of public opinion and the protection of the right of reputation of the news media.However,journalists'understanding and implementation of the obligation of reasonable verification is still in the exploratory stage.This study selected three legal databases of China Judgment Document Network,PKULAW and Wolters Kluwer as the source of samples.After the implementation of the Civil Code,the frequency analysis of the media involved in the media that can be verified with reasonable verification.The"possibility of the reputation of the victim's reputation"is the most frequent single factor in applicable,and the"time limit of content"and"verification ability and verification costs"are the most weakened requirements."The credibility of content sources+the possibility of degradation of the reputation of the victim"is a key factor in determining the combination of the media.Verification obligations should also be layered.Professional news media,network service providers and we media should have different reasonable verification obligations.