青岛市崂山区儿童注意缺陷多动障碍调查及影响因素研究

Investigation and Influencing Factors of Children Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Laoshan District of Qingdao

针对儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder,ADHD)发病率逐渐增高,采用横断面调查研究方法,收集青岛市崂山区托幼机构7769名3~6岁在园儿童的Conners父母症状问卷和一般情况表信息,通过多因素logistic回归分析3~6岁儿童ADHD发生情况及相关影响因素的关系。初步筛查发现334例疑似ADHD儿童,通过诊断疑似儿童,确诊255例ADHD儿童,ADHD发病率为3.2%,男童ADHD发病率(4.1%)高于女童(2.3%)(χ^(2)=15.86,P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,男孩、挑食、不能自主穿衣、入睡时间不固定、3岁前和母亲长期分离、母亲情绪不稳定、父亲情绪不稳定和父母有精神疾病史是ADHD的危险因素(OR=1.423,1.664,1.479,1.621,1.328,1.527,1.545,3.258,P<0.05或P<0.01),出生胎次为头胎或二胎、3岁前由母亲或父亲照顾是ADHD的保护因素(OR=0.427,0.211,0.681,0.802,P<0.05或P<0.01)。

A cross-sectional investigation and research method was adopted to study the increasing incidence of Children Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD).Conners parents symptom questionnaire(PSQ)and a general information questionnaire were collected from 7769 children aged 3~6 years in kindergartens in Laoshan district of Qingdao.Multivariate logistic regression study was used to analyze the relationship between the ADHD incidence in children aged 3~6 years and related influencing factors.A total of 334 suspected ADHD children are found in preliminary screening,and 255 suspected children are further diagnosed,with an incidence of 3.2%.The ADHD incidence in boys(4.1%)is higher than that in girls(2.3%)(χ^(2)=15.86,P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis result shows that boys,picky eaters,inability to dress on their own,irregular sleep time,long-term separation from mother before the age of 3,mother′s emotional instability,father′s emotional instability,and parental history of mental illness are risk factors for ADHD(OR=1.423,1.664,1.479,1.621,1.328,1.527,1.545,3.258,P<0.05 or P<0.01).Being the first or second child at birth,and being cared for by a mother or father before the age of 3 are protective factors for ADHD(OR=0.427,0.211,0.681,0.802,P<0.05 or P<0.01).