雅鲁藏布江中游不同生境大型土壤动物群落特征

Community Characteristics of the Large Soil Animals in Different Habitats along the Middle Reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River

为了解雅鲁藏布江中游地区不同生境的大型土壤动物群落特征,于2022年6月和9月进行了2次调查。选择农田、灌木丛、草地、人工林和天然林5种生境,并在每个生境中选择3个采样点作为重复。使用梅花五点法采集土样;采用手捡法和吸虫管法收集土壤表层的大型土壤动物样本,共捕获1 716只大型土壤动物,隶属于3门7纲22目48科。其中,蚁科(Formicidae)是优势类群,占总捕获量的15.97%。非参数检验(Kruskal-Wallis检验)结果显示,5个生境之间的多样性指数差异不显著(P>0.05)。Jaccard相似性系数(J)在0.35~0.73,表示5种不同生境的大型土壤动物群落在相似性程度上介于中等不相似到中等相似之间。置换多元方差分析(PERMANOVA)显示,5个生境群落结构之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。在雅鲁藏布江中游地区的大型土壤动物功能类群中,以捕食性大型土壤动物为主,占总捕获量的43.13%。相关性分析显示,土壤pH值和全氮(TN)、有效磷(AP)及速效钾(RAK)含量是影响雅鲁藏布江中游大型土壤动物群落分布和多样性的重要因素(P<0.05)。

To understand the characteristics of large soil animal communities in different habitats in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River,two surveys were conducted in June and September of 2022.Five habitats,namely farmland,shrubland,grassland,artificial forest,and natural forest,were selected,and three sampling points were chosen within each habitat as replicates.The quadrat method was used to collect soil samples,and manual picking and suction tube methods were employed to collect samples of large soil animals from the soil surface.A total of 1716 individuals of the large soil animals were collected,belonging to 3 phyla,7 classes,22 orders,and 48 families.The ant genus formicidae was the dominant group,accounting for 15.97%of the total capture.Results of the non-parametric test(Kruskal-Wallis test)showed no significant difference in the diversity index among the five habitats(P>0.05).The Jaccard similarity coefficient(J)ranged from 0.35 to 0.73,indicating that the large soil animal communities in the five different habitats were between medium dissimilarity and medium similarity.Permutational multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA)showed significant differences between the five habitats(P<0.05).Predatory large soil animals dominated the functional groups of large soil animals in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River,accounting for 43.13%of the total capture.Correlation analysis revealed that soil pH,total nitrogen(TN),available phosphorus(AP),and available potassium(RAK)were important factors influencing the distribution and diversity of large soil animal communities in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River(P<0.05).