循证健康教育对顺产妇产后母乳喂养情况影响的调查研究

Study on the Effects of Evidence-based Health Education on Breastfeeding after Vaginal Delivery

目的了解基于调查问卷的循证健康教育对顺产妇产后母乳喂养知识、喂养行为、自我效能、母乳喂养状况及幸福感的影响。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2021年10月-2022年5月间定期在深圳市龙华区人民医院进行产检的孕晚期妇女600例作为研究对象,根据数字表法随机分为对照组(n=300)和观察组(n=300),对照组给予常规健康教育干预,观察组在对照组基础上给予基于调查问卷的循证健康教育,比较两组母乳喂养知识、喂养行为、自我效能(BSES-SF)评分、母乳喂养状况及总体幸福感(GWB)评分。结果干预后两组母乳喂养知识评分、母乳喂养技能评分、母乳喂养行为评分、母乳喂养意向评分、BSES-SF评分及GWB评分均升高(P<0.05);且观察组母乳喂养知识评分、母乳喂养技能评分、母乳喂养行为评分、母乳喂养意向评分、BSES-SF评分(技能、内心活动)及GWB评分均显著高于对照组(t分别为10.482、21.210、14.193、12.910、8.093、10.324、15.205,均P<0.001)。干预后观察组纯母乳喂养率为68.33%,高于对照组的45.00%,人工喂养率为11.67%,低于对照组的29.33%(χ^(2)=137.337、42.516,均P<0.001)。结论基于调查问卷的循证健康教育可提高顺产妇产后母乳喂养率、母乳喂养知识、自我效能及幸福感,改善母乳喂养行为。

Objective To understand the effect of questionnaire-based evidence-based health education on maternal breastfeeding knowledge,feeding behavior,self-efficacy,breastfeeding status and well-being after vaginal delivery.Methods Totally 600 women in late pregnancy who received regular antenatal care in Longhua District People's Hospital,Shenzhen were selected as the research subjects by convenience sampling method from October 2021 to May 2022.They were divided into control group(n=300)and observation group(n=300)according to random number table method.The control group received routine health education intervention,and the observation group received questionnaire-based evidence-based health education.The breastfeeding knowledge,breastfeeding behaviors,the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form(BSES-SF)scores,breastfeeding status,and the General Well-Being Schedule(GWB)scores were compared between the two groups.Results After the intervention,the scores of breastfeeding knowledge,breastfeeding skills,breastfeeding behaviors,breastfeeding intention,BSES-SF scores(skill,inner workings)and GWB scores of the 2 groups were increased(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the above scores of observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(t=10.482,21.210,14.193,12.910,8.093,10.324,15.205,all P<0.001).After intervention,the exclusive breastfeeding rate in observation group was higher than that in control group(68.33%vs.45.00%),and the artificial feeding rate was lower than that in control group(11.67%vs.29.33%)(χ^(2)=137.337,42.516,both P<0.001).Conclusion Evidence-based health education based on questionnaire can improve breastfeeding rate,breastfeeding knowledge,self-efficacy and happiness,and improve breastfeeding behavior after childbirth.