内燃机燃烧氨燃料的研究综述

Research Review on Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Ammonia

在全球碳减排的大趋势下,发展氨燃烧技术十分必要。综述了国内外对氨氧化化学动力学机理、层流燃烧速度和着火延迟时间的研究成果,并针对氨燃烧时燃烧速度慢和NO_(x)排放量大等问题介绍了掺混燃烧、富氧燃烧和等离子体辅助燃烧3种氨增强燃烧技术,详细阐述了压力和水分对氨燃烧中NO_(x)排放量的影响。重点介绍了氨燃料在内燃机中燃烧的研究现状,指出在内燃机燃料中掺烧氨燃料会造成内燃机功率下降和氮氧化物排放量过高等问题,而提高压缩比、调节氨掺混比例和调整燃料喷射策略等可以有效改善掺氨燃烧内燃机的功率和排放量。

In the global trend of carbon reduction,it is necessary to develop ammonia combustion technology.The research results of chemical kinetic mechanism of ammonia oxidation,laminar flow combustion rate and ignition delay time from domestic and foreign scholars were reviewed.For the problems of slow combustion rate and high NO_(x) emission in ammonia combustion,three ammonia-enhanced combustion technologies such as blending combustion,oxygen-rich combustion and plasma-assisted combustion were introduced,and the effects of pressure and moisture on NO_(x) emission were elaborated.The current research status of ammonia fuel combustion in internal combustion engines was highlighted,and the problems that internal combustion engine fuel blended with ammonia fuel would cause power reduction and high NO_(x) emission of internal combustion engine were pointed out.However,increasing the compression ratio,adjusting the ammonia blending ratio and the fuel injection strategy could effectively improve the power and emission of internal combustion engines after blending ammonia.