安康地区4~10岁200例性早熟儿童与饮食因素相关性分析研究

Analysis of diet-related factors in 200 precocious children aged 4 to 10 years in Ankang

目的分析安康地区4~10岁儿童性早熟与饮食暴露史的关系,为安康地区儿童性早熟的预防提供科学依据。方法选取2022年7月至2023年6月安康地区医疗卫生机构儿科收治的4~10岁性早熟儿童200例作为病例组,另选取同期同地区幼儿园和小学4~10岁正常儿童200例作为对照组,采用膳食频率和相关行为问卷进行调查。结果调查的安康地区4~10岁200例性早熟儿童和200例正常儿童性别、年龄比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。病例组常吃营养滋补品、含雌激素较高的食物、反季节水果、反季节蔬菜、膏粱厚味之品、含微量元素锌较高的食品、防腐剂/色素/添加剂较高的食品、塑料包装的食品均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);而常吃乳制品方面两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果表明,营养滋补品、微量元素锌较高食品是儿童性早熟的影响因素(P<0.05),其余因素均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论安康地区4~10岁的儿童性早熟发病与膳食结构有关,营养滋补品、含雌激素较高的食物、反季节蔬菜、膏粱厚味之品、含微量元素锌较高的食品、防腐剂/色素/添加剂较高的食品、塑料包装的食品可能会增加儿童性早熟的风险,政府、学校和家庭应当注重儿童饮食的均衡性,加大帮助儿童建立平衡型膳食模式方面的健康教育。

Objective To analyze the relationship between precocious puberty and dietary exposure history of children aged 4 to 10 years in Ankang,and provide scientific basis for the prevention of children with precocious puberty.Methods Totally 200 children aged 4 to 10 years with precocious puberty admitted to the pediatric department of medical and health institutions in Ankang from July 2022 to June 2023 were selected as the case group,and 200 normal children aged 4 to 10 years in kindergartens and primary schools in the same region were selected as the control group during the same period.A survey was conducted using a dietary frequency and related behavior questionnaire.Results There was no statistically significant difference in gender,age,or age composition between 200 precocious children and 200 normal children aged 4 to 10 years surveyed in Ankang(P>0.05).The proportion of children often taking nutritional supplements,foods with high levels of estrogen,off-season fruits,off-season vegetables,thick flavored sorghum,foods with high levels of trace element zinc,foods with high levels of preservatives,pigments and additives,and foods packaged in plastic in case group was statistically higher than that in control group(P<0.01).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of frequent consumption of dairy products(P>0.05).The results of logistic regression analysis showed that nutritional supplements and foods with high levels of trace element zinc were factors affecting precocious puberty in children(P<0.05),All other factors have no statistical significance(P>0.05).Conclusion The incidence of precocious puberty in children aged 4 to 10 years in Ankang is related to dietary structure.Nutritional supplements,foods with high levels of estrogen,off-season vegetables,thick flavored sorghum,foods with high levels of trace element zinc,foods with high levels of preservatives,pigments and additives,and foods packaged in plastic may increase the risk of precocious puberty.Governments,schools,and families should pay attention to the balance of children′s diets and enhance health education to help children establish a balanced dietary pattern.