不同耕作方式对山西褐土土壤特性及玉米生长的影响

Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Brown Soil Characteristics and Maize Growth in Shanxi Province

为探索新型耕作技术——生态粉垄技术在山西缺水干旱区农业节水增产提质的应用效果,以玉米作为试验作物,采用设置对照(传统旋耕CK)、粉垄(FL)、粉垄+施肥(FL+S)三种不同耕作方式,测定不同处理下土壤贮水量、土壤颗粒度和玉米产量等指标,探讨生态粉垄技术在山西缺水干旱区农业节水增产提质的应用效果。结果表明:粉垄耕作能有效增加土壤贮水量,各生育期0~20 cm、20~40 cm土壤贮水量均表现为FL>CK,FL+S>CK。FL、FL+S处理0~20 cm土壤贮水量分别比CK最高可增加31.62%、22.80%,FL、FL+S处理20~40 cm土壤贮水量分别比CK最高可增加29.47%、33.33%。在粉垄耕作处理下,试验区土壤的机械性团聚体降低。FL处理下团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)相比CK降低了17.32%、90.03%。相比CK,FL、FL+S处理能显著提高玉米穗粒数、果穗质量、单穗籽粒质量、穗长。粉垄耕作能提高玉米籽粒质量,FL、FL+S处理的籽粒产量分别比CK增加了24.80%、35.25%。

In order to explore the new tillage technology——The application effect of ecological Felong cultivation technology in agricultural water saving,increasing production and quality improvement in the water shortage and arid areas of Shanxi Province.Using maize as the test crop,three different tillage methods of control(CK),Felong cultivation(FL),and Felong cultivation+tillage(FL+S)were used to determine soil water storage,soil granularity and maize yield under different treatments,and explore the application effect of ecological Felong cultivation technology in agricultural water saving,yield increase and quality improvement in the water shortage and arid areas of Shanxi Province.The results show that the Felong cultivation tillage could effectively increase the soil storage water at 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm were FL>CK and FL+S>CK.FL and FL+S treated 0~20 cm soil storage increased by 31.62%and 22.80%over CK,respectively,and FL and FL+S treated 20~40 cm by 29.47%and 33.33%over CK,respectively.The stability of mechanical aggregate in farmland soil under Felong cultivation tillage.Aggregates mean weight diameter(MWD)and Geometric mean diameter(GMD)were 17.32%and 90.03%lower compared with conventional tillage.Compared with conventional tillage,Felong cultivation tillage,Felong cultivation+fertilization treatment can significantly improve the number of maize ear grain,fruit ear quality,single ear grain quality and ear length.Felong cultivation tillage can improve the quality of maize grain,and the grain yield of Felong cultivation tillage and Felong cultivation+fertilization treatment increased by 24.80%and 35.25%respectively compared with conventional tillage.