《世说新语·文学》“逆风家”“逆风”条新解

A New Interpretation of the Term“Nifengjia”and“Nifeng”in Shishuo Xinyu:Literature

《世说新语·文学》“逆风家”“逆风”条中孙绰所言“上人当是逆风家”应读作“上人当是逆/风家”。其中“风家”指风病患者,形容支道林的才辩使北来道人如风家那样屈折不能语。而“逆风家”则是迎着风家接着说,是要帮助风家。支道林所言“逆风”句应理解为“白旃檀香味不浓,才能逆风”,其巧妙之处在于省略“逆风”后的文字,从而导致这句话有两层含义。支道林借助白旃檀香味太浓喻深公德行太高,暗指深公不愿与自己争辩。白旃檀作为一种药,能除人胸中逆气。而魏晋士人除了用药,还用音乐、思辨等疏通胸中逆气,这些方法有的激发了士人文学创作的欲望,有的丰富了文学作品的内容,有的则对其他艺术的发展产生影响。

In Shishuo Xinyu:Literature,Sun Chuo's remark that“the superior should be Nifeng Jia”should be read as“the superior should be Ni/Fengjia”.“Fengjia”means the one who suffered by the strong wind,describing Zhi Dao Lin's talent on debating that made the North Taoist like“Fengjia”who cannot speak facing the blowing wind.“Ni Fengjia”means to argue against the wind,that is to say,to help“Fengjia”.So“Ni Feng”should be interpreted as“the fragrance of white chandelier is not strong enough to go against the wind”,and its wit lies in the omission of the words after“Ni Feng”,which leads to the ambiguity of this sentence.Zhi Daolin used the metaphor of chandelier to refer to Lord Shen's moral character,implying that Lord Shen was unwilling to argue with him.White sandalwood,as a kind of herb,as well as music or debating,can smooth one's Qi.By using these ways,the scholars'literary creation was inspired,the contents of their literary works were enriched and some other arts were impact on.