基于“三生空间”的福州市土地利用功能转型与生态环境效应研究

Land use function transformation and associated eco-environmental effect in Fuzhou city based on"production-living-ecological space"

基于2000、2010、2020年3期土地利用现状遥感监测数据,按照“生产—生活—生态”土地利用主导功能分类,通过土地利用转移矩阵、生态环境质量指数、土地利用转型的生态贡献率等方法,定量分析了2000—2020年间福州市“三生空间”结构转型的时空演化特征与生态环境效应。结果表明:(1)福州市“三生空间”分布格局基本保持一致,生态空间分布最广泛呈缩减趋势,生活空间主要分布在市辖区呈扩张趋势,生产空间主要分布在福州主城区和东部地区呈先减后增趋势。(2)“三生空间”的转换以生态空间的转出、生活空间的转入为主,转入量和转出量并不平衡,转换较为活跃的地区主要分布在福州主城区和东部地区,其他地区转换较为零散。(3)福州市生态环境质量改善和退化趋势并存,但两者发生区域在空间上并不重叠,整体的生态环境质量指数下降,生态环境质量空间分异显著,高值区主要位于永泰县,低值区集中于主城区。生态环境质量的改善主要以农业生产用地、草地生态用地转为林地生态用地为主,林地生态用地和农业生产用地转为工矿生产用地则是导致生态环境质量退化的主要影响因素。

Based on the remote sensing monitoring data of the three phases of land use in 2000,2010 and 2020,according to the"production-living-ecological"land use dominant function classification,then through land use transfer matrix,eco-environmental quality index,ecological contribution rate of land use transition,this paper quantitatively analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of structural transformation of"production-living-ecological space"and eco-environmental effect in Fuzhou city from 2000 to 2020.The results show that:(1)The distribution pattern of"production-living-ecological space"in Fuzhou is basically the same.The ecological space is the most widely distributed but showing a trend of shrinking,the living space is mainly distributed in the municipalities and is expanding.The production space is mainly distributed in the main urban area of Fuzhou and the eastern region,showing a trend of decreasing first and then increasing.(2)The conversion of"production-living-ecological space"is mainly based on the transfer-out of ecological space and the transfer-in of living space.The transfer-in amount and transfer-out amount are not balanced.The areas where the conversion is more active are mainly distributed in the main urban area of Fuzhou and the eastern region.Conversions in other regions are more sporadic.(3)The improvement and degeneration trend of eco-environmental quality coexist in Fuzhou,but the occurrence areas do not overlap in space.The overall eco-environmental quality index declines,and the spatial differentiation of eco-environmental quality is significant.The high-value area is mainly located in Yongtai County,and the low-value area is concentrated in the main urban area.The improvement of eco-environmental quality is mainly based on the conversion of agricultural production land and grassland ecological land to forest ecological land,while the conversion of forest ecological land and agricultural production land to industrial and mining production land is the main factor leading to the degeneration of eco-environmental quality.