新业态视角下残疾人就业服务模式的行动研究——残疾人“五阶多元”创新就业模式解析

Action Research on the Employment Service Model for Persons with Disabilities from the Perspective of New Business Forms:Analysis of Employment Service Model of“Five Stage Diversification”for Disabled Persons

随着新业态不断发展,残疾学生就业成才的模式日趋多元化,Y特殊教育职业学院团队以“五阶多元”理念为引领,以就业服务模式创新为核心,以增能理论和融合教育理论为指导,围绕残疾人个人特长能力、健全人融合助力、政策和环境保障机制开展了创新性探索,构建了新业态背景下符合残疾人身体机能实际、挖掘特色特长、多渠道政策支持的“特色发展、孵化创业、就业升学、群聚互补、扶助保障”多元成才、全程助力的“五阶多元”就业服务模式。该模式在不同层次上特色发展,层层加大帮扶力度和政策支持,一阶让有特长的残疾人特色发展成才,二阶积极推进“创业孵化”理念,跨专业、残健融合组织学生共同创业;三阶使残疾人通过知识技能,参与正常的升学、就业;四阶以残疾人“融合群聚”就业模式,给残疾人就业带来归属感、快乐感,形成集中、稳定的就业群;五阶在政策性兴办的扶助性就业机构托养、个体就业。实现了残疾人就业率的有效提升,就业稳定性、就业质量大幅提高;同时,实现了“五阶多元”就业理念从理论研究向就业服务实践的转化突破。

With the continuous development of new business models,the employment and talent development models for disabled students are becoming increasingly diversified.The team of Yunnan Special Education Vocational College is guided by the“Five Stage Diversification”concept,with innovation in employment service models as the core and guidance of the theory of empowerment and integrated education to have carried out innovative explorations around the individual strengths and abilities of disabled people,the integration of sound individuals,and the policy and environmental protection mechanisms.They have constructed a“Five Stage Diversification”employment service model that is in line with the actual physical functions of disabled people,excavates unique strengths,and multi-channel policy support,with“characteristic development,incubation and entrepreneurship,employment and education,group complementarity,and assistance and protection”for diversified talent development and full process assistance.The new model is developing with distinctive features at different levels,increasing assistance and policy support layer by layer.At the first level,it enables disabled individuals with special abilities to develop into talents,while at the second level,it actively promotes the concept of“entrepreneurship incubation”and organizes students to start businesses together through transdisciplinary and disability and health integration;the third one enables disabled people to participate in normal education and employment through knowledge and skills;the fourth,which is employment model of integrating and gathering people with disabilities,brings a sense of belonging and happiness to their employment,forming a concentrated and stable employment group;the fifth level is supported by policies based on the employment institutions for childcare and individual employment.The employment rate of disabled people and the stability and quality of employment have been effectively improved;meanwhile,the breakthrough of transformation for the employment concept the“Five Stage Diversification”has been realized from theoretical research to employment service practice.