单位的“孤独者”:云南小微企业就业残疾人民族志研究

The“Lonely People”in the Work Unit:An Ethnographic Study on the Employment of Disabled Persons in Small and Micro Businesses

以进入小微企业就业的残疾人员工为研究对象,通过解读和分析他们的工作、生活叙事和主观感受,真实呈现按比例安置残疾人就业背景下进入企业单位就业的残疾人员工的劳动实践、与本单位健全员工的交往互动、融入单位文化的情况以及目前面临的困境,为小微企业残健员工关系和企业助残文化的微观研究提供可借鉴的田野资料。研究发现,在残疾人就业单位,两类不同员工由于按比例就业政策的大力推进催生工作关系、人际接触的契机,建立了能力互补、业务互助的劳动关系,也创造了日常交流互助的可能。在这一过程中,残疾人、健全人两类员工的生产和生活时空的重叠性不断增加,这为他们的交往交流交融提供了基础,有助于残疾人回归主流社会、建构新型残健融合就业共同体和企业文化的整合与再造。

The article takes disabled employees who enter the small and micro businesses as the research object.By interpreting and analyzing their work,life narratives,and subjective feelings,it truthfully presents the labor practices of disabled employees who enter the unit for employment under the background of proportional placement of disabled employees,their interaction with healthy employees in the unit,their integration into the unit culture,and the current difficulties they face,which provide field data as reference for micro research on relationships between disabled and healthy employees in the businesses and the culture of helping for the disabled.Research has found that in units where people with disabilities are concentrated,two different types of employees have established labor relationships with complementary abilities and mutual assistance in business due to the strong promotion of work relationships and proportional employment policies,creating opportunities for interpersonal contact and the possibility of daily communication and mutual assistance.In this process,the overlap between the production and living time and space of employees with disabilities and healthy individuals continues to increase,providing a foundation for their communication and integration.This helps people with disabilities return to mainstream society,construct a new type of integrated employment community with disabilities,and integrate and rebuild the corporate culture.