人力资本跨国流出、国内宏观经济政策与技术创新——来自发展中国家的经验证据

Cross-border Human Capital Outflows,Domestic Macroeconomic Policy and Technological Innovation-An Empirical Evidence from Developing Countries

本文基于62个发展中国家2000~2017年的跨国面板数据研究了发展中国家的人力资本跨国流出、国内宏观经济政策与国内技术创新之间的关系。研究发现,发展中国家的人力资本跨国流出抑制了其国内技术创新水平的提升,而发展中国家国内宏观经济政策能够对这一影响产生调节效应并有效缓解这一负面影响,甚至可能使人力资本跨国流出对发展中国家国内技术创新产生净的正效应。发展中国家国内有效的宏观经济政策能够抑制人力资本的跨国流出,同时通过改善国内经济环境有利于提升技术创新的收益和研发积极性,促进跨国流出劳动力逆向技术溢出的实现。异质性分析表明,人力资本跨国流出和国内宏观经济政策对人力资本流出国国内技术创新的影响因人力资本跨国流出目的国、跨国流出劳动力创新能力、人力资本流出国国内宏观经济政策、金融危机前后和技术领域不同而呈现出异质性,同时,宏观经济政策的不同维度对人力资本跨国流出技术创新效应的影响也有所差异。本文的研究结论对中国以及其他发展中国家人才政策和技术创新政策的制定均具有重要启示。

Based on the cross-border panel data of 62 developing countries from 2000 to 2017,this paper studies the relationship among the cross-border human capital outflows,domestic macroeconomic policy and technological innovation in developing countries.The paper found that the cross-border human capital outflows in developing countries inhibited the improvement of their domestic technological innovation,and the increase in domestic in developing countries can effectively alleviate this negative impact,and may even make the cross-border human capital outflows having a net positive effect to domestic technological innovation in developing countries.The improvement of domestic macroeconomic policy in developing countries can restrain the human capital cross-border outflows.At the same time,the improvement of domestic macroeconomic policy is conducive to increasing the income of technological innovation and promoting the realization of the reverse technology spillover effect of cross-border labor outflows.The analysis of heterogeneity shows that the impact of cross-border human capital outflows and the improvement of macroeconomic policy on the domestic technological innovation in the developing countries is different due to the different destination countries of the human capital outflows,the innovation ability of the outflow labor,and the intensity of the domestic macroeconomic policy in the developing countries,different periods before and after the financial crisis and different technical fields,and at the same time,the impact of different dimensions of macroeconomic policy on the effect of technological innovation in the developing countries is also different.The conclusion has an important insights on the formulation of talent policies and technological innovation policies in China and other developing countries.