2019—2022年贺州市农村学校饮用水水质状况及风险分析

Water quality status and risk analysis of drinking water for rural schools in Hezhou City from 2019 to 2022

为了了解贺州市农村学校饮用水水质状况及风险因素,对全市590家农村学校的生活饮用水进行感官性状指标、一般化学指标、重金属指标及微生物指标进行检测分析,采用模糊层次分析法评估相关风险因素。结果表明:590家农村学校检测的1156批次水样总的不合格率为72.5%。2019-2022年不合格率分别为90.9%、88.3%、58.3%、34.8%,呈递减趋势,差异有统计学意义。微生物指标、感官性状指标、重金属指标占总不合格率的比例分别为91.9%、60.8%、0.8%。水源、制水工艺、消毒设施、日常管护风险指标权重分别为0.3019、0.1354、0.2231、0.4158。结论认为:2019-2022年广西贺州市农村学校饮用水水质状况逐年转好,主要不合格指标为菌落总数和大肠菌群等微生物项目。微生物指标仍然是影响农村学校饮用水水质状况的主要风险因素,水源和日常管护是导致饮用水不合格的重要风险因素。

To investigate the drinking water quality status and risk factors of rural schools in Hezhou City of Guangxi,the sensory property index,general chemical index,heavy metal index and microbial index of drinking water at 590 rural schools of the city were detected and analyzed,and the related risk factors were evaluated by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.The results demonstrate the total unqualified rate of 1156 batches of water samples from the 590 rural schools was 72.5%,and the unqualified rates from 2019 to 2022 were 90.9%,88.3%,58.3% and 34.8% respectively,showing a decreasing trend and the difference is statistically significant.Microbial index,sensory property index and heavy metal index accounted for 91.9%,60.8% and 0.8% of the total unqualified rate respectively.The risk index weights of water source,water preparation process,disinfection facilities and daily management were 0.3019,0.1354,0.2231 and 0.4158 respectively.It is concluded that from 2019 to 2022,the drinking water quality of rural schools in Hezhou City of Guangxi was improved year by year,and the main unqualified indicators were microbial items such as the total number of colonies and coliform bacteria.Microbial indicators were still the major risk factors affecting the drinking water quality of rural schools,and water source and daily maintenance were important risk factors leading to unqualified drinking water.