从“大封闭小开放”到“小封闭大开放” ——科创学镇模式的规划设计探索

From the Concept of“Generally Closed with Partially Open”to that of“Generally Open with Partially Closed”:Exploration on the Planning and Design of Innovative University Town

在以交叉融合创新为主导方向的新时代高等教育改革背景下,以高等院校为核心的创新型学术空间应该从教学单一功能走向多样化需求,从封闭走向开放。在此过程中,“小封闭大开放”是适应市场机制下创新型学术空间组织需求、实现封闭与开放新平衡的最佳方式,而“科创学镇”又是“小封闭大开放”的最佳空间载体。文章在总结科创学镇建设实践和空间营造经验的基础上,以西安某农业高校创新空间的规划设计为例,系统探索了科创学镇设施共享、以街道为开放核心的公共空间特征;同时对“小封闭”的学镇基本尺度进行研究,形成从基本尺度单元“细胞”进化为“大开放”学镇的多尺度融合空间组织肌理,为开放式学镇规划设计提供方向。

In the context of higher education reform oriented by cross-integration and innovation in the new era,the innovative academic space centered around colleges and universities should transit from a single-function model based on teaching to one with diversified demands and shifting from being closed to becoming more open.In this process,adopting a“generally open with partially closed”campus approach is deemed as the most effective way to adapt to the requirements of an innovative academic space organization under market mechanisms while achieving a new balance between closure and openness.The“innovation university town”serves as an ideal spatial carrier for implementing this concept.This paper summarizes the construction practice and spatial construction experience of the innovative university town.Then taking the planning and design of the innovative space in an agricultural university in Xi’an as an example,this paper systematically examines the characteristics of public spaces with shared facilities and streets as open cores in innovative university town.Additionally,it investigates the basic scale of“partially closed”university towns to establish a multi-scale fused spatial organization mechanism that evolves from the basic unit“cell”to the“generally open”campus,providing guidance for the planning and designing of open university towns.