环境保护税的开征能提高企业绩效吗——基于中国排污费改环保税视角

Will the Environmental Taxation Improve Enterprise Performance:Based on the Perspective of China s Pollution Charge to Environmental Taxation

2018年中国税制进行了重要改革,由征收传统排污费转变为征收环境保护税。为探究该项改革的实施效果,以2014—2020年沪深A股工业类上市公司为研究样本,运用双重差分法实证检验排污费改环境保护税政策对工业企业的绩效影响以及影响机制。研究发现:排污费改环境保护税对企业绩效有提升作用;环境保护税的征收对企业绩效的影响通过促进技术创新以及降低代理成本两种路径实现;排污费改环境保护税的政策效应存在异质性,在低融资约束水平企业、三大经济区企业、大规模企业以及国有企业中政策效应更为明显。

In 2018,China implemented an important tax reform,which changed the traditional pollutant discharge fee into environmental protection tax.In order to explore the implementation effect of this reform,this paper takes Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share industrial listed companies from 2014 to 2020 as the research sample,and empirically tests the impact of the policy of changing pollutant discharge fee into environmental protection tax on the performance of industrial enterprises and its influencing mechanism.This research finds that the change of pollutant discharge fee into environmental protection tax has an enhancing effect on enterprise performance;the impact of the levy of environmental protection tax on enterprise performance is realized by promoting technological innovation and reducing agency costs;the policy effect of the change of pollutant discharge fee into tax is heterogeneous,and the policy effect is more obvious in enterprises with low financing constraints,enterprises in the three major economic zones,large-scale enterprises and state-owned enterprises.