三大件式转向架斜楔建模方法及其对车辆动力学性能仿真结果的影响

Modeling Approach for the Three-piece Bogie Wedge and its Impact on the Simulation Results of Vehicle Dynamic Performance

斜楔是三大件式转向架的重要减振装置之一,其结构和工作原理较为复杂,因此在动力学仿真中难以被精确地模拟。文章在总结既有斜楔建模方法的基础上,提出了一种新的斜楔建模方法,不仅考虑了斜楔的6个自由度,而且建模过程简单,计算效率高。为了探讨斜楔建模方法对车辆动力学仿真结果的影响,选取摩擦功和二系垂向振动衰减率作为考察指标,对5种斜楔模型的计算结果进行了比较,并依据建模原理分析了造成摩擦功仿真结果产生差异的原因。从车辆蛇行失稳临界速度、车辆运行平稳性指标等动力学性能指标来看,斜楔不同建模方法得出的仿真结果具有较好的一致性。

The wedge is one of the important vibration damping devices of three-piece bogies,and its structure and working principle are complicated,so it is difficult to be accurately modeled in the dynamic simulation.On the basis of summarizing the existing modeling methods of the wedge,the article proposes a new modeling method,which not only considers six degrees of freedom of the wedge,but also has a simple modeling process and high computational efficiency.In order to explore the influence of the wedge modeling method on the simulation results of vehicle dynamics,the friction work and the vertical vibration decay rate of the second suspension system are selected as the investigation indexes to compare the calculation results of five wedge models,and the reasons for the differences in the simulation results of the friction work are analyzed on the basis of the modeling principle.The dynamic performance indexes such as critical hunting speed of vehicle and riding comfort indexes show that the simulation results derived from different modeling methods of the wedge have good consistency.