青海浅山地区油菜豌豆混作模式研究

Research on the Pattern of Mixed Cropping of Oilseed Rape and Pea in the Shallow Mountainous Areas of Qinghai Province

目的青海省浅山地区因受到生产环境限制导致合理轮作无法推行,文章针对该地区作物生产布局单一、抵御自然灾害能力差、土壤肥力下降等现实问题,通过研究寻求提升生产性能、营养品质和提高耕地质量、土壤肥力的油菜豌豆混作模式。方法以6个油菜和1个豌豆品种为供试材料,通过分别设置6个油菜与1个豌豆混作和单作共13个处理、1个油菜与6个豌豆不同播量混作和单作共7个处理、6个不同混作方式处理,探讨不同处理下两物种农艺性状、混作生产性能和籽粒营养品质等的差异,以期筛选出适宜合理的油菜豌豆混作模式。结果“清油杂62”和“草原224”为较合理的混作组合,且当两物种混作播量分别为0.4 kg/亩和2.5 kg/亩、同行混作时,生产性能最优,总产量达266.44~272.24 kg/亩,比单作增产30%~40%,油菜籽含油量42.54%、芥酸含量0.8%、硫苷含量38.90μmol/g,属于优质油菜中的单低油菜。结论“清油杂62”和“草原224”为较合理的油菜豌豆混作组合,为浅山地区推广的较为优良的油豆混作组合,在适宜混作比例和混作方式下,可最大程度发挥其优越生产性能和优良营养品质,可为青海浅山地区种植业结构调整提供理论依据和技术支撑。

Purposes The shallow mountainous areas of Qinghai Province are restricted by the production environment,which makes it impossible to implement rational crop rotation.In view of the real problems of single crop production layout,poor ability to withstand natural disasters,and declining soil fertility in the region,this article made a study of oilseed rape and pea mixed cropping model of enhancing and improving the production performance,nutritional quality,arable land quality,and soil fertility.Method Six oilseed rape and one pea varieties were used as test materials,and a total of 13 treatments of six oilseed rape and one pea mixed and monoculture,7 treatments of one oilseed rape and six pea mixed and monoculture with different sowing quantities and 6 treatments with different mixing methods were set up,to explore the differences in agronomic traits,mixing production performance and seed nutrient quality of two species under different treatments in order to screen out suitable and reasonable oilseed rape and pea mixing modes.Findings“Qing Oil 62”and“Grassland 224”are more reasonable mixed-crop combinations,and when the two species of mixed-crop seeding rate of 0.4 kg per acre and 2.5 kg per acre,respectively,peer mixing,the optimal production performance,the total yield of 266.44-272.24 kg per acre,an increase of 30%-40%over single-crop,oil content of 42.54%,erucic acid content of 0.8%,thioside content of 38.90 micromolecules per gram.272.24 kg per mu,an increase of 30%to 40%over the single crop,rapeseed oil content of 42.54%,erucic acid content of 0.8%,thioglycoside content of 38.90 micromol/g,belonging to the high-quality oilseed rape in the single-low oilseed rape.Conclusions“Qing Oil 62”and“Grassland 224”are more reasonable oilseed rape and pea mixed cropping combinations,more excellent oilseed rape and pea mixed cropping combinations promoted in shallow mountainous areas,which can maximize its superior production performance and excellent nutritional quality under the appropriate mixing ratios and mixing modes,and can provide theoretical basis and technical support for plantation structure adjustment in shallow mountainous areas of Qinghai.