我国地下水生态环境保护项目入库方案技术要点探讨

Discussion on Technical Points of Storage Plan of Groundwater Ecological and Environmental Protection Projects in China

水污染防治项目储备库建设是解决地下水突出问题、确保完成地下水生态环境保护目标和任务的重要举措.入库方案技术成熟度是项目通过率最大的影响因素.本文首先梳理总结了地下水生态环境调查评估、地下水污染防控修复(含废弃井封井回填)和地下水环境监管能力建设三类项目入库时存在的实施方案目标不明确、缺少因地制宜的具体方案、不满足相关技术文件要求、缺少前期工作基础等问题.然后有针对性地提出了具体建议:①调查评估类项目应明确因地制宜的工作内容和工作量,成果支撑环境管理或后续风险管控修复措施,高度重视全链条质量控制;②监管能力建设类项目应充分整合评估现有可用监测井,建设完善地下水环境监测网,明确地下水环境监管信息化需求,探索构建智能高效监管平台,聚焦地下水环境监管短板,提升地下水监管软硬件能力;③防控修复类项目应明确地下水污染防控修复必要内容,优先采用工艺成熟、低成本、绿色低碳化的管控修复技术,充分体现“源−路径−受体”的系统整治思路,复杂地下水污染区探索建立分区分级管控与修复集成模式.最后从完善技术指导文件、联合不同部门积极探索可复制和可推广的技术模式以及统筹谋划重大项目等方面提出入库建议,以期为提高地下水生态环境保护项目入库质量提供技术支撑.

The reserve construction of the water pollution prevention projects is important for solving the outstanding problems of groundwater and ensuring the completion of the goals and tasks of groundwater ecological and environmental protection.The technical maturity of the warehousing plan is the biggest influencing factor on the project approval rate.This paper summarizes the problems existing in the projects of the groundwater ecological and environmental investigation and assessment,groundwater pollution prevention and control(including abandoned well sealing and backfilling)and groundwater environmental supervision capacity building,such as unclear objectives,lack of specific plans based on local conditions,non-compliance with the requirements of relevant technical documents,lack of preliminary work basis,etc.Targeted investigation and evaluation projects should clarify the work content and workload according to the local conditions.The achievements of the investigation and assessment projects should support the further environmental management or follow-up risk control and repair measures.The quality control of the investigation and assessment should be attached great importance.Supervision capacity building projects should fully integrate and evaluate the existing available monitoring wells,build and improve the groundwater environment monitoring network,clarify the information needs of groundwater environmental supervision,explore the construction of intelligent and efficient supervision platforms,focus on the shortcomings of groundwater environmental supervision,and improve the hardware and software capabilities of groundwater supervision.Prevention and control and restoration projects should clarify the necessary contents of groundwater pollution prevention and control,prioritize the use of mature,low-cost,green and low-carbon control and restoration technologies,fully reflect the‘source-path-receptor’system regulation idea,and explore to establish an integrated model of zoning and classifying the control and restoration in the complex groundwater pollution areas.Lastly,it puts forward storage suggestions from the aspects of improving relevant technical guidance documents,actively exploring replicable and generalizable technical models with different departments,and overall planning of major projects,so as to provide technical support for improving the quality of groundwater ecological environmental protection projects.