LPG储罐泄漏多事故场景下社区居民疏散仿真模拟与优化

Simulation and Optimisation of Evacuation of Community Residents Under Multi-accident Scenario of LPG Tank Leakage

为提高社区居民在化工厂多事故场景下应急疏散效率,以大庆市某化工厂和附近社区为例,考虑当地气象环境,利用ALOHA对LPG储罐泄漏事故进行模拟,得到多种事故危害范围和社区各区域可用安全疏散时间.通过Pathfinder构建社区疏散模型,分析了步行疏散、车行疏散和人车协同疏散三种模式下的疏散时间和拥堵状况.最后,通过路网优化和安全出口均衡分配,进行疏散优化模拟.结果表明:路网优化对步行疏散下的疏散效率提升最大为14.7%,安全出口均衡分配对车行疏散下的疏散效率提升最大为10.6%.车行疏散模式下可以在可用安全疏散时间内撤离受灾区域.

In order to improve the efficiency of emergency evacuation of community residents under multiple accident scenarios of a chemical plant,taking a chemical plant and a nearby community in Daqing City as an example,we consider the local meteorological environment and simulate the LPG tank leakage accident by using ALOHA,to get the scope of hazard of multiple accidents and the available safe evacuation time of each area of the community.The community evacuation model was constructed by Pathfinder,and the evacuation time and congestion condition were analysed under the three modes of pedestrian evacuation,vehicular evacuation and coordinated pedestrian-vehicle evacuation.Finally,evacuation optimisation was simulated by road network optimisation and balanced allocation of safety exits.The road network optimisation improves the evacuation efficiency of walking evacuation by 14.7%,and the balanced allocation of safety exits improves the evacuation efficiency of vehicular evacuation by 10.6%.The vehicle evacuation mode can complete withdrawal from the affected area within the available safe evacuation time.