“沿力走”法快速绘制材料力学内力图教学探索

Teaching Exploration of Fast Drawing Internal Force Diagram of Material Mechanics Based on the Way of Force-excerted Direction

材料力学是研究构件承载能力的一门学科,承载能力包括强度、刚度和稳定性三个方面。绘制构件内力图(轴力图、扭矩图、剪力图和弯矩图)是强度、刚度计算的前提和重要环节。结合多年的教学实践,总结出绘制构件内力图的通用方法——“沿力走”法。该方法适用于集中力、集中力偶和均布荷载作用下的轴力图、扭矩图、剪力图和弯矩图绘制,不需要进行大量计算,简单直观,易于掌握。实践表明,该方法使复杂的问题简单化,在教学中起到了事半功倍的效果,有利于提高教学质量。

Mechanics of materials is a subject that studies the bearing capacity of components,which includes strength,stiffness and stability.Drawing internal force diagram(Axial force diagram,shear diagram and bending moment diagram)is the premise and important link of strength and stiffness calculation.Combined with years of teaching practice,the way of force-excerted direction,the general method of drawing internal force diagram of component is summarized.This method is suitable for the torsion diagram drawing,shear diagram and bending moment diagram of the component under the action of concentrated force and concentrated couple and uniform load.The method is simple,intuitive and easy to master,and does not need a lot of calculation.Practice shows that this method simplifies complex problems,achieves double results with half the effort in teaching,and improves teaching quality.