黄粉虫替代鱼粉对低淀粉缓沉性膨化饲料加工质量的影响

Effects of yellow mealworm replacing fish meal on the quality of low starch slow-sinking extruded feed

为探究不同加工工艺参数和黄粉虫蛋白替代鱼粉不同比例对低淀粉缓沉性水产膨化颗粒饲料加工质量的影响,并优化得出最适操作参数,该研究采用Box-Behnken试验设计,以黄粉虫蛋白替代比例、调质后物料含水率和膨化机模头温度3个因素为自变量,变化范围分别在0~50%、26%~30%、100~140℃之间,以膨化颗粒饲料容重、沉降速度、10 min沉水率、能耗为因变量,对3个自变量参数进行优化。试验结果表明:低淀粉缓沉性膨化饲料的容重随着黄粉虫替代比例的升高逐渐升高,随含水率的升高而升高,随着模头温度的升高略微升高;沉降速度随着黄粉虫替代比例的升高逐渐升高,随着模头温度的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势;当黄粉虫替代比例在0~25%时,沉降速度随着含水率的升高逐渐增大,当黄粉虫替代比例为50%时,沉降速度随含水率的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势;10 min沉水率随着黄粉虫替代比例的升高逐渐升高,随着含水率的升高而升高;10 min沉水率随着模头温度的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势;能耗随着黄粉虫替代比例的升高逐渐升高,随着调质后物料含水率的升高总体呈降低的趋势,随着模头温度的升高逐渐降低。方差分析结果显示各因素对低淀粉缓沉性水产膨化颗粒饲料加工质量的影响由大到小顺序为:黄粉虫蛋白替代比例、调质后物料含水率、膨化机模头温度。优化得到加工低淀粉缓沉性水产膨化颗粒饲料的最优工艺参数为和最适替代比例:调质后物料含水率为27.6%,模头温度为108℃,黄粉虫蛋白替代比例为15.0%,在此条件下加工出的膨化颗粒饲料沉降速度为7.73 cm/s、10 min沉水率为95%、能耗为34.39 (kW·h)/t。验证结果表明,各指标试验值与预测值的相对误差均小于4%,模型优化结果可靠,研究结果可为饲料企业生产低淀粉缓沉性水产膨化颗粒饲料提供参考依据。

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different processing parameters and replacement ratio of yellow mealworm protein replacing fish meal on the quality of low starch slow-sinking aquatic extruded feed,and to optimize the optimal operating parameters.In this study,a Box-Behnken experimental design was used to optimize parameters of the three independent variables with the replacement ratio of yellow mealworm protein,the moisture content of mash feed after conditioning and the die temperature,and the variation ranges were from 0 to 50%,26%to 30%,100 to 140℃,respectively.The bulk density,sinking speed,the sinking ratio at 10 min and energy consumption of extruded pellet feed were used as the dependent variables to optimize the three independent variables.The results showed that the bulk density of low starch slowsinking extruded feed gradually increased with the increase of the replacement ratio of yellow mealworm protein,increased with the increase of moisture content,and increased slightly with the increase of die temperature.The sinking speed gradually increased with the increase of the replacement ratio of yellow mealworm protein,and increased first and then decreased with the increase of the die temperature.When the replacement ratio of yellow mealworm protein was 0~25%,the sinking speed gradually increased with the increase of moisture content.When the replacement ratio of yellow mealworm protein was 50%,the sinking speed increased first and then decreased.The sinking ratio at 10 min gradually increased with the increase of replacement ratio of yellow mealworm protein,and increased with the increase of moisture content.The sinking ratio at 10 min increased first and then decreased with the increase of die temperature.The energy consumption gradually increased with the increase of the replacement ratio of yellow mealworm protein,decreased with the increase of moisture content after conditioning,and gradually decreased with the increase of die temperature.The results of variance analysis showed that the order of effect of each factor on the quality of low starch slow-sinking aquatic extruded pellet feed was as follows:replacement ratio of yellow mealworm protein,moisture content and die temperature.The optimal process parameters and the optimal replacement ratio for processing low starch slow-sinking aquatic extruded pellet feed were optimized:the moisture content after the conditioning was 27.6%,the die temperature was 108°C,and the replacement ratio was 15.0%.Under this process parameters,the sinking speed was 7.72 cm/s,the sinking ratio at 10 min was 95%,and the energy consumption was 34.39(kW·h)/t.The relative error of verification test results was less than 4%,the model optimization results were reliable,and the research results can provide a reference for the production of low starch slow-sinking aquatic extruded feed.