轮轨激扰下轨道车辆轴箱轴承振动与润滑特性分析

Vibration and Lubrication Characteristics of Railway Vehicle Axle Box Bearings under Wheel-rail Excitation

基于赫兹接触和弹流润滑理论建立了考虑轴箱轴承的轨道车辆模型,研究了轮轨激扰对轴箱轴承的振动特性和油膜刚度特性的影响规律。分别采用MATLAB/Simulink和UM软件建立了轴承动力学模型和轨道车辆模型,通过相互作用力实现二者的耦合关系。模拟了轴承和轮对的典型故障形式,并详细分析了这些故障对轴承的振动特性和润滑特性的影响。研究结果表明:润滑可以有效减小轴承的振动;轴承的局部故障将导致油膜刚度的增大,轴承故障和车轮扁疤都对润滑的影响较为显著;此外,轮轨激扰会降低轴承外圈的振动比率,但是会增大车辆其他部件的振动,对车体的振动几乎无影响。

An axle box bearings coupled with a railway vehicle model was developed based on Hertz contact and elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory.The effects of wheel-rail excitations on the vibration and oil film stiffness characteristics of axle box bearings were investigated.MATLAB/Simulink and UM were used to establish the bearing dynamic model and the railway vehicle model,respectively.The coupling relationship between the two was realized through the interaction force.The typical fault forms of bearings and wheelsets were simulated,and the impacts of these faults on bearing vibration and lubrication characteristics were analyzed in detail.The results show that lubrication may effectively reduce bearing vibrations.The partial bearing faults may increase the oil film stiffness,and bearing faults and wheel flats have a significant impact on lubrication.In addition,wheel-rail excitations reduce the vibration ratio of the bearing outer ring while increasing the vibration of other vehicle components and little effects on the vibrations of the car body.