美国高校高层次人才培养路径及其经验启示

The Path of Cultivating High-level Talents and Its Experience Inspiration in American Universities

高校高层次人才培养过程需要调动多方力量。在美国高等教育的发展历程中,政策、制度、市场是其人才培养的主要指引力量,规范明确与动态调整是其发展的重要特征。运用案例研究方法,本研究以美国高校研究生教育的招生与培养环节为案例,总结其高层次人才培养的三条经验:一是培养目标上塑造具备社会适应性的个人,二是培养理念上重视理论与实践的联系,三是培养模式上强调跨学科人才培养。

The process of cultivating high-level talents in colleges and universities needs to mobilize multiple forces,and in the development of American higher education,policy,system and market are the main guiding forces for talent cultivation,and the clear norms and dynamic adjustments are the important features of its development.Using the case study method,we take the enrollment and cultivation of graduate education in American universities as a case study,and summarize the three experiences of the cultivation of high-level talents in American universities:firstly,the cultivation goal is to shape individuals with social adaptability,secondly,the cultivation concept attaches importance to the connection between theory and practice,and thirdly,the cultivation mode emphasizes the cultivation of interdisciplinary talents.