基于碳基准的产业链碳排放责任再分配决策--以电力产业链为例

Decision-making on Reallocating Carbon Emission Responsibilities in Industrial Chain Based on Carbon Benchmark:A Case Study on Electricity Industry Chain

我国实现碳达峰、碳中和目标将对产业结构转型升级起到重要助推作用。在节能降碳行动中,各工业部门的发展呈现出不均衡的态势,上游行业承担了大部分的碳排放责任。而现有的碳排放责任核算方式对整体产业链,尤其对直接碳排放量相对较少的下游行业,缺乏更行之有效的节能降碳激励机制。因此,探讨如何合理地分配产业链碳排放责任,以达到降低整体碳排放量、推动制造业向绿色低碳转型升级十分必要。论文从产业视角分析产业链上下游行业的碳排放与经济特征,构建了基于碳基准的产业链碳排放责任再分配模型,并以电力产业链为例,针对碳排放责任进行了核算与再分配。结果表明,该模型推进了分配碳排放责任和经济效益的公平和效率的统一。

China’s realization of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals will play an important role in boosting the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure.At the same time,in the energy saving and carbon reduction actions,the development of various industrial sectors shows an unbalanced situation,with the upstream industries bear most of the carbon emission responsibility.The existing carbon emission responsibility accounting methods lack a more effective energy-saving and carbon reduction incentive mechanism for the overall industrial chain,especially for the downstream industries with relatively small direct carbon emissions.Therefore,it is necessary to explore how to reasonably allocate the carbon emission responsibility of the industry chain to reduce the overall carbon emissions and promote green and low-carbon transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry.This paper analyzes the carbon emission and economic characteristics of the upstream and downstream industries of the industrial chain from the industrial perspective,constructs a carbon benchmark-based redistribution model of the industrial chain’s carbon emission responsibility,and takes the electric power industrial chain as an example to account for and redistribute the carbon emission responsibility.The results show that the model promotes the unification of equity and efficiency in allocating carbon emission responsibility and economic benefits.