南宋沿海地区巡检与海患治理

The Inspection and Control of Coastal Perils in the Southern Song Dynasty

巡检司是宋代为缉拿走私、平息基层变乱、维持地方治安而在各地增设的机构,其主管官的称谓很复杂,简称“巡检”。随着海外贸易的兴盛,南宋时期沿海地区各类走私猖獗,走私者分布广、规模大,海上盗贼势力空前强大,负责缉私与巡查盗贼的巡检数量随之增加。沿海巡检所统领的土兵是当时基层常备巡警力量,根据缉私对象、寇盗活动规模及其治理难易程度的不同,或与附近巡检寨兵联合行动,或配合水军等主力官兵及地方民防力量协同参与弹压行动,在近海海患治理中发挥重要的基础性作用。揭示南宋沿海各地巡检的布局特征,分析其职能变化,探讨巡检在当时海患治理机制中的地位和作用,对于深化和推进地方治理机制的相关研究有重要的意义。

The Patrol and Inspection Department(Xunjiansi)is an agency established in various places during the Song dynasty to combat smuggling,quell grassroots unrest,and maintain local security.With the prosperity of overseas trade,various types of smuggling were rampant in the coastal areas in the Southern Song Dynasty.Smugglers in large quantities were widespread,and the maritime bandits were unprecedentedly powerful.Thus,the number of patrol and inspection officers responsible for combating smuggling and bandits increased accordingly.The soldiers commanded by the coastal patrol and inspection offices were the standing patrol forces at the grassroots level.According to the anti-smuggling objects,the scale of bandit activities and the levels of difficulties involved in their governance,the coastal patrol and inspection offices would either conduct joint operations with the nearby patrol and inspection soldiers,or cooperate with the navy and other main troops as well as local civil defense forces in suppressive operations,and they played an important and fundamental role in the control of offshore perils.Revealing the layout characteristics of various coastal patrol and inspection offices in the Southern Song Dynasty,analyzing changes in their functions,and exploring the status and role of patrol and inspection offices in the control mechanism of coastal perils at that time are of great significance for deepening and promoting relevant research on local control mechanisms.