再论苏轼词的词史定位——兼及如何打破“婉约”“豪放”二分法

On the Position of Su Shi's Works in the History of Ci-poetry and the Way to Break the Dichotomy of“Graceful and Restrained”and“Bold and nconstrained”

词学史上对苏轼词的定位,主要有“豪放词”“以诗为词”“东坡范式”三种重要说法。“豪放词”从风格论出发,并不能完全涵盖苏轼词的全部艺术特质;“以诗为词”作为一种创作方法,亦非苏轼所独有;唯有作为传统“体派论”的现代发展的“东坡范式”,最适宜作为苏轼词之词史定位的总结性词汇。同时,既然“豪放词”一语已不足以概括苏轼的词史定位,那么“婉约”“豪放”二分法也自然应被扬弃,而打破这一“二分法”,并不意味着否定“二分法”这一极具简洁性的思维方式,寻找更具学理性、更符合唐宋词实际的“新二分法”取而代之,才是真正的破旧立新之道。

There are three statements about the positioning of Su Shi's Ci-poetries in the history of this literary genre:bold and unconstrained style,writing in poetry style and the Dongpo Paradigm.Bold and unconstrained style is a conclusion of style theory which cannot fully covers all the artistic characteristics of Su Shi's works;writing in poetry style is one kind of writing methods which is not unique to Su Shi;Only the Dongpo Paradigm,as a modern development of the traditional stylistic theory,is most suitable to be the summary statement of the historical positioning of Su Shi's Ci-poetries.At the same time,since the bold and unconstrained style is no longer enough to be a summary statement of the historical positioning of Su Shi’s Ci-poetries,then the dichotomy of“graceful and restrained”and“bold and unconstrained”should naturally be abandoned.But breaking this dichotomy does not mean denying the dichotomic thinking which is extremely concise.Finding a more rational and realistic new dichotomy to replace the old one may be the right way to break up the old and establish the new.