“上帝”何以是不可或缺的?——论列维纳斯对主体性的捍卫

Why Is God Indispensable:On Levinas’ Defense of Subjectivity

在列维纳斯的早期著作中,其书写遵循着一条从“有”(Il y a)到“孤独”(hypostasis)再到面向他人的渐进过程。其中,“有”是一个终将被突破的过渡环节。许多评论家认为,列维纳斯在逻辑上预设了一位善良上帝的存在,作为与他人面对面伦理关系实现的保证,而这也是“有”必将被克服的原因。但其实,列维纳斯的上帝是源初异质性的显现,他的相关思想是一门“使意义成为可能”的哲学。将语境还原至他所身处的现象学运动中去,他希冀超逾胡塞尔的意向性和抗拒现代战争的努力,并一直在致力于捍卫主体性这一行动。

In Levinas’early writings,there is a progressive thought process from the“il y a”to“hypostasis”and then to the others.Among these,the“il y a”is a transitional link that will eventually be surmounted.Many critics propose that Levinas has logically presupposed the existence of a kind God as a guarantee of the fulfillment of face-to-face ethical relationships with the others,and this is why the“il y a”must be surmounted.But in fact,God in Levinas’works is the manifestation of the original alterity,and his related thoughts is a philosophy of“making the signifier possible”.We need to recontextualize him within the phenomenological movement,find his aspirations beyond Husserl’s intentionality and resistance to modern wars,and recognize his dedication to defending the subjectivity.