中药煨法历史沿革及现代研究概况

Historical Evolution and Modern Research Overview of Traditional Chinese Medicine Simmering Method

煨法是中药传统炮制方法之一,历代本草和医书中均有相关记载,且种类繁多,但目前涉及到的具体中药品种也不多,且相关研究较少。笔者通过查阅古今相关资料,从煨法的历史沿革,炮制目的,现代代表性中药的炮制工艺、质量评价及药理学研究等方面进行了整理和分析。梳理后发现,煨法在古代应用广泛,最早见于东汉《华氏中藏经》,历经唐、宋、金、元、明、清时期的丰富和发展,并随着明代经济的繁荣发展,在明清进入鼎盛时期,涉及的中药品种多达159种,并逐渐完善了煨法的炮制理论。然而现代沿用煨法的品种大幅减少,现代中药采用煨法的主要目的多为降低不良反应、缓和药性、增强疗效、除去非药用部位、利于进一步加工等。该文通过梳理中药古今煨法的关键信息,可为中药煨制品的临床应用及现代研究提供文献依据。

Simmering method is one of the traditional processing methods of Chinese materia medica,which has been documented in the herbal literature and medical books of the past dynasties and has a great variety,but at present,there are not many specific varieties of Chinese materia medica involved,and there are few related researches.By reviewing the ancient and modern related information,the authors have organized and analyzed the historical evolution,processing purpose,modern representative Chinese materia medica(processing technology,quality evaluation,pharmacological research)of simmering method.After sorting out,it was found that the simmering method was widely used in ancient times,which was first seen in Huashi Zhongzangjing of the Eastern Han dynasty,and was enriched and developed through the Tang,Song,Jin,Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,and entered its heyday in Ming and Qing dynasties along with the economic prosperity and development of the Ming dynasty,involving as many as 159 varieties of Chinese materia medica,and gradually perfecting the processing theory of the simmering method.However,the number of varieties that still use the simmering method in modern times significantly decreased.The main purposes of using simmering method in modern Chinese materia medica are to reduce adverse reactions,moderate medicinal properties,enhance therapeutic effects,remove non-medicinal parts,and facilitate further processing,etc.This paper combed the key information of simmering methods for Chinese materia medica from ancient to modern times,which can provide a literature basis for the clinical application and modern research of simmered products of Chinese materia medica.