钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料与93W合金弹芯侵彻靶板的损伤特征

Damage characteristic of target penetrated by WF/Zr-MG and 93W rods

为研究钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料(WF/Zr-based bulk metallic glass matrix composite,WF/Zr-MG)及93W合金两种弹芯材料对于45钢靶板的侵彻特征机理与损伤特征,利用上述两种弹芯进行对比开展侵彻试验,在宏观和微观层面对侵彻结果进行分析,其中,宏观定量化表征量采用等效直径进行研究,微观层面利用扫描电镜、光学显微镜、XRD衍射仪与显微维氏硬度仪对靶板的微观形貌、相变及硬度特征进行表征。试验结果表明,WF/Zr-MG弹芯完全贯穿靶板,而93W合金弹芯残留于靶板之中,其等效扩孔直径分别为16.7和18.4 mm,前者较后者低10.18%,WF/Zr-MG弹芯的穿甲能力高于93W合金弹芯。在微观角度,WF/Zr-MG与93W合金弹芯侵彻后弹坑细晶层晶粒长径比分别为4.5和7.3,其维氏硬度HV的峰值分别为249和287,其中高硬度层宽度分别为10.2和8.9 mm。前者对应靶板高硬度层更宽的原因是Zr基非晶合金在侵彻过程中持续释放热量,使其温度影响区较大,因此硬度提升的区域大。侵彻过程中,后者的靶板强度明显高于前者的,其主要原因为WF/Zr-MG弹芯发生屈曲回流,而93W合金弹芯产生蘑菇头现象,使得WF/Zr-MG弹芯对于靶板的挤压变形更小,晶粒拉长效果减弱,硬度峰值提升变小,靶板单位长度的能量损耗小,从而增强WF/Zr-MG复合材料弹芯的穿甲能力。

In order to compare and analyze the characteristic and mechanism of damaging on 45 steel target plate penetrated by the WF/Zr-MG and 93W rod,a penetration experiment under hypervelocity impact was carried out.The analysis of penetration was performed at both macro and micro levels,in which the macroscopic quantitative characterization quantity was studied by equivalent diameter of reamer,and the microscopic morphology,phase transition and hardness characteristics of the target plate were obtained by scanning electron microscopy,optical microscope,X-ray diffraction and microhardness tester.The experimental results indicate that the WF/Zr-MG rod completely penetrated the target plate,while the 93W rod remained in the target plate.The armor-piercing capacity of WF/Zr-MG rod is higher than that of 93W rod with equivalent reaming diameter of 16.7 mm and 18.4 mm respectively,and the former is 10.18%lower than the latter.From the microscopic perspective,the aspect ratios of the fine grain layer after penetrated by the WF/Zr-MG rod and the 93W rod are 4.5 and 7.3,respectively.In addition,the width of the high-hardness layer are 10.2 mm and 8.9 mm,with Vickers hardness HV peaks at 249 and 287,respectively.The wider high-hardness layer observed in the former case can be attributed to the continuous burning of the Zr-based amorphous alloy during the penetration process,resulting in a larger temperature affected zone and consequently a greater area of hardness enhancement.On the other hand,in the latter case,the strength of the target plate during penetration is significantly higher due to the buckling and backflow of the WF/Zr-MG rod,while the 93W alloy core exhibits a"mushroom head"phenomenon.This reduces extrusion deformation on the target plate,thereby weakening the effect of grain elongation,reducing the increase in hardness peak value,and minimizing energy loss per unit length of the target plate.Ultimately,it enhances the armor-piercing capability of the WF/Zr-MG rod.