露天煤矿区不同生态措施对紫穗槐水分利用特征的影响

Effects of Different Ecological Measures on Water Use Characteristics of Amorpha fruticosa in Open Pit Coal Mine Areas

[目的]为探究排土场不同生态措施下典型植物的水分利用特征,提高植物水分利用效率,加速矿区生态恢复进程。[方法]以黑岱沟煤矿排土场6种生态措施(对照、接菌、绿肥、接菌+绿肥、绿肥+风化煤、接菌+绿肥+风化煤)下紫穗槐为对象,结合水的氢氧稳定同位素等方法分析。[结果](1)排土场土壤含水率为3%~9%,在0-30,70-100 cm土层较低,在30-70 cm土层较高。(2)紫穗槐的水分供给来源于降水和土壤水,土壤水分在0-30 cm土层发生显著的分馏现象,且在不同生态措施表现出显著差异,绿肥处理最大,接菌+绿肥处理最小。(3)不同生态措施下紫穗槐的水分利用特征存在显著差异,接菌处理对50-100 cm土层的水分利用比例较高,为53.4%;绿肥处理紫穗槐主要利用表层(0-20 cm土层)土壤水分,为42.6%;接菌+绿肥处理紫穗槐对各层土壤水分利用比例较为均匀。[结论]接菌+绿肥处理优化了紫穗槐水分利用特征,增加对表层和深层水分的利用比例,可作为排土场的生态复垦措施,促进西部干旱矿区生态恢复速率和效应。

[Objective]To explore the water use characteristics of typical plants under different ecological measures at the waste dump,improve plant water use efficiency,and accelerate the ecological restoration process in mining areas.[Methods]Six ecological measures(control,inoculation,green fertilizer,inoculation+green fertilizer,inoculation+weathered coal,inoculation+green fertilizer+weathered coal)were implemented at the waste dump of the Heidaigou Coal Mine to treat Amorpha fruticosa.Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water were combined with other techniques.[Results](1)The soil moisture content of the waste dump was 3%to 9%,which was lower in the 0-30 cm and 70-100 cm soil layers,and higher in 30-70 cm soil layer.(2)Amorpha fruticosa obtained water from precipitation and soil.The soil water undergoes significant fractionation processed in the 0-30 cm soil layer,and exhibited significant differences among different ecological measures,with the green fertilizer treatment showing the highest and inoculation+green fertilizer treatment being the lowest.(3)Significant differences existed in the water use characteristics of Amorpha fruticosa under various ecological measures.The inoculation treatment exhibited a higher water use ratio of 53.4%in the 50-100 cm soil layer;The green fertilizer treatment mainly utilized the soil water in the surface layer(0-20 cm),which was 42.6%;The treatment of inoculation and green fertilizer had a relatively uniform proportion of soil water use in each layer.[Conclusion]The inoculation+green fertilizer treatment optimized the water use characteristics of Amorpha fruticose plants,increased the utilization ratio of surface and deep soil water,and can be used as an ecological reclamation measure for waste disposal sites,which promoted the ecological recovery rate and effect of arid mining areas in the western region.