基于InVEST模型的蒲河流域景观格局及生境质量时空演变分析

Analysis of Landscape Patterns and Spatio-temporal Evolution of Habitat Quality in the PU River Basin Based on the InVEST Model

[目的]通过对景观生态格局和生境质量的时空动态分析,深入研究沈阳市蒲河流域实施水土保持措施前后的生境质量响应情况,旨在为小型流域的水土保持策略提供科学依据,以促进生态经济的协同增长和区域生态的持续健康发展。[方法]基于蒲河流域2000年、2010年、2020年的土地利用数据和数字高程模型(DEM)等数据,结合FRAGSTATS和InVEST模型,运用土地利用转移矩阵、景观格局指数、生境质量及生境退化度对土地利用变化进行分析,探究响应机理。[结果](1)在2000-2010年期间,蒲河流域的耕地开发活动频繁,导致森林、草地等土地类型的比例显著下降;在2010-2020年期间,蒲河生态廊道的建设推动土地利用的变化,耕地面积流向人造地表、森林和草地。(2)在2000-2020年期间,蒲河流域的整体景观格局经历先趋于完整后破碎化的演变过程,蒲河两岸景观形成多种要素集合的密集格局,城市中心北部边缘地区生境持续破碎化。(3)从流域整体分析,2000年、2010年、2020年的生境平均质量分别为0.349,0.329,0.354,呈现出先降后升的趋势。生境退化平均值分别为0.098,0.112,0.086,与生境质量变化趋势一致。随着蒲河生态廊道建设,2020年生境质量明显改善,生态系统受到的威胁减少。从空间格局分析,东北部与西南部呈现出明显的空间分布特征;东北山区、西南湿地等区域生境质量总体较好,但有着生境退化的威胁。[结论]在水土保持措施的影响下,蒲河流域的景观生态格局得以改善,有效抑制了生境的退化现象。

[Objective]Through the spatio-temporal dynamic analysis of landscape ecological pattern and habitat quality,the response of habitat quality before and after the implementation of soil and water conservation measures in PU River Basin of Shenyang City was deeply studied,aiming to provide scientific basis for soil and water conservation strategies in small river basins,so as to promote the coordinated growth of the eco-economy and the sustainable and healthy development of regional ecology.[Methods]Based on the land use data and Digital Elevation Model(DEM)of PU River Basin in 2000,2010 and 2020,combined with the FRAGSTATS and InVEST models,land use transfer matrix,landscape pattern index,habitat quality and habitat degradation degree were used to analyze land use change and explore quality response situation.[Results](1)During the period from 2000 to 2010,the cultivated land development activities in the PU River Basin were frequent,resulting in a significant decline in the proportion of forest,grassland and other land types;In the period from 2010 to 2020,the construction of the PU River ecological corridor will promote the change of land use,and the cultivated land area will flow to artificial surfaces,forests and grasslands.(2)During 2000 to 2020,the overall landscape pattern of the PU River Basin experienced a process of first becoming complete and then fragmentary.The landscape on both sides of the Puhe River formed a dense pattern of multiple elements,and the habitat in the northern edge of the urban center continued to fragment.(3)From the overall analysis of the basin,the average habitat quality in 2000,2010,and 2020 was 0.349,0.329,and 0.354,respectively,showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.The mean values of habitat degradation were 0.098,0.112,and 0.086,which were consistent with the trend in habitat quality.With the construction of the PU River Ecological Corridor,the quality of habitat will be improved significantly in 2020,and the threats to the ecosystem will be reduced.From the analysis of spatial pattern,the northeast and southwest show obvious spatial distribution characteristics.The quality of habitat in the mountainous areas of northeast China and the wetlands of southwest China is generally good,but there is a threat of habitat degradation.[Conclusion]Under the influence of soil and water conservation measures,the ecological pattern of the PU River Basin can be and the degradation of habitat can be effectively inhibited.