“异化及其扬弃”视角下唯物史观的演进逻辑——从《1844年经济学哲学手稿》《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》到《德意志意识形态》

Evolutionary Logic of Dialectical Materialism from Perspective of“Alienation and its Overcoming”——From “Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844” to “The German Ideology”

人的自由与解放是马克思一生思考的主题,而在唯物史观初创时期,则突出地表现为青年马克思对于“异化及其扬弃”的思考。《1844年经济学哲学手稿》通过对“异化劳动”的剖析初次进入到经济生产过程,但仍然残存人道主义色彩和抽象性;《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》以“感性的人的活动”亦即“实践”锚定了主体共同活动的领域,虽是一个不够明确的哲学化表达,但为进一步的研究标注了方向;《德意志意识形态》着眼于“物质生产方式”具体的历史地考察了人类社会的演进,标志着唯物史观的创立。透过对这三篇文本的联系性考察,我们可以更加清楚地理解唯物史观破土而出的连续性。

Human freedom and liberation were the central themes of Marx's lifelong contemplation.In the early stages of dialectical materialism,this was prominently manifested as young Marx's contemplation of“alienation and its overcoming.”“Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844”initially entered the realm of economic production through an analysis of“alienated labor,”yet it still retained a humanistic hue and abstraction.“Theses on Feuerbach”anchored the domain of collective human activity in“sensuous human activity,”or“practice,”although it presented an insufficiently clear philosophical expression,it marked a direction for further research.“The German Ideology”focused on the historical examination of the“mode of material production”and the evolution of human society,signifying the establishment of dialectical materialism.Through an examination of the interconnectedness of these three texts,we can gain a clearer understanding of the continuity in the emergence of dialectical materialism.