金代赠官制度价值探究

A Study of Values of System of Grant Posthumous Official Positions in Jin Dynasty

赠官制度作为金代一项重要的典章制度,无论是对品官本人、品官亲属,还是对于朝廷统治者来说,都发挥着独特作用,具有重要的现实意义和精神价值。对品官本人而言,赠官属于品官的死后哀荣,可以为其增加荣耀,还会影响到其能否获得谥号。对品官亲属而言,赠官可以使其更多的子弟恩荫入仕,而品官母妻也有机会受封爵号,获得更多的经济补偿。对朝廷统治者而言,赠官可以平衡政治势力、巩固皇权,在战场上则可以激励忠臣良将更加效命,同时借此宣传忠君爱国的思想,从而更好地维护国家统治。

As an important system of rules and regulations in Jin Dynasty,the system of grant posthumous official positions plays a unique role,which has important practical significance and spiritual value,both for the official himself,his relatives and the rulers of the court.For the official himself,the grant posthumous official positions belongs to the honor of the official after death,which can increase its glory,and also affect whether it can obtain the posthumous title.For the relatives of the official,the grant posthumous official positions can make more of their children graciously join the official,and the mother and wife of the official also have the opportunity to be named and get more economic compensation.For the rulers of the court,the grant posthumous official positions can balance political forces and consolidate imperial power,and it can encourage loyal officials and generals to be more loyal on the battlefield,and at the same time publicize the idea of loyalty and patriotism,so as to better maintain national rule.