南阳市卧龙区流动儿童乙肝疫苗接种率及影响因素分析

Analysis of Hepatitis B Vaccination Rate and Influencing Factors among Migrant Children in Wolong District of Nanyang City

目的 探讨南阳市卧龙区流动儿童乙肝疫苗首针接种率及影响因素,为制定儿童乙肝疫苗免疫策略提供理论依据。方法 收集2022年1月至2022年12月南阳市卧龙区480例儿童临床资料进行回顾性研究,根据儿童出院时是否接种乙肝疫苗分组,接种疫苗纳入接种组,未接组纳入未接种组,比较两组临床资料,通过Logistic多因素模型分析乙肝疫苗接种相关因素。结果 2022年1月至2022年12月南阳市卧龙区480例儿童中23例未接种乙肝疫苗,未接种率为4.79%。两组儿童是否合并严重新生儿疾病、儿童生命体征是否平稳、儿童是否低体质量,产妇居住地、产妇受教育程度、产妇是否接受过乙肝疫苗知识健康宣教,对比差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。儿童低体质量、儿童合并严重新生儿疾病、儿童生命体征不平稳及产妇居住地在农村,产妇受教育程度(大专以下)、产妇未接受过乙肝疫苗知识健康宣教是是影响流动儿童乙肝疫苗接种率的独立危险因素(P <0.05)。结论 南阳市卧龙区流动儿童乙肝疫苗接种率主要与儿童是否低体质量、是否合并严重新生儿疾病、生命体征是否平稳及产妇居住地、受教育程度、是否接受乙肝疫苗知识健康宣教有关,相关部门应加大对儿童疫苗接种情况的管理力度,从而提高儿童疫苗的接种率,降低流动儿童乙肝病毒传播风险。

Objective To investigate the first-dose vaccination rate and influencing factors of hepatitis B vaccine among migrant children in Wolong District of Nanyang City,and to provide theoretical basis for the development of hepatitis B vaccination strategies for children.Methods The clinical data of 480 children in Wolong District of Nanyang City from January 2022 to December 2022 were collected for retrospective study.The children were divided into vaccinated and unvaccinated groups based on whether they received hepatitis B vaccination upon discharge.The clinical data of the two groups were compared,and logistic multivariable models were used to analyze the factors related to hepatitis B vaccination.Results From January 2022 to December 2022,23 of 480 children in Wolong District of Nanyang City were not vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine,with a non-vaccination rate of 4.79%.There were statistically significant differences in whether the children had severe neonatal diseases,whether their vital signs were stable,whether they had low birth weight,the mothers' residence,the mothers' education level,and whether the mothers had received health education on hepatitis B vaccination(P < 0.05).Low body weight,severe neonatal diseases,unstable vital signs,rural residence of the mother,low level of education(below junior college) and lack of health education on hepatitis B vaccine knowledge were independent risk factors affecting the coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine among migrant children(P < 0.05).Conclusion The hepatitis B vaccine coverage rate of migrant children in Wolong District of Nanyang City is mainly related to whether the children have low body weight,combined with severe neonatal diseases,whether the vital signs are stable,the mother's residence,education level,and whether they have received health education on hepatitis B vaccine knowledge.Relevant departments should strengthen the management of children's vaccination,so as to improve the vaccination rate of children and reduce the risk of hepatitis B virus transmission among migrant children.