超越共同富裕的协调论与冲突论之争——经济思想回顾与中国方案

The Debate about Possibility of Common Prosperity and Beyond:A Retrospective of Economic Thought and Chinese Pattern

做大“蛋糕”与分好“蛋糕”即效率与公平之间的关系是经济思想史上的永恒争论,也是决定共同富裕能否实现的关键。经济思想史上的协调论认为效率与公平可以协调,故二者能够兼得;冲突论则针锋相对地认为二者必然发生冲突,故抉择无法避免。协调论者赞同有为政府,从培育人力资本、规范资本行为和扩大有效需求的视角论证“分配更趋均等可以促进生产力发展”。冲突论者则重视有效市场,基于市场创造激励和节约信息的功能来证明“追求分配的均等化必将破坏市场的有效性,从而造成严重的效率损失”。只有在思想上超越协调论(正题)与冲突论(反题)之争,才有可能实现共同富裕的合题,进而在实践中形成促进共同富裕的中国方案。

The relationship between efficiency and equity is a classical debate in the history of economic thought.For common prosperity,it matters.Some economists believe redistribution will not destruct efficiency,or it can boost production.Other economists have opposite viewpoint and they believe the tradeoff between efficiency and equity is necessary.The formers support good governance.They confirm more equal distribution can improve production efficiency by human capital,regulating capital and aggregate demand.The latters support efficient market.They verify redistribution will destroy efficiency in a marketing economy with theories of incentive and information.Once we can keep useful parts of two kinds of contrary themes and discard others,the comprehensive theme of common prosperity will emerge.And then,we can have Chinese pattern of common prosperity in practice.