刑事一体化视阈中的行贿犯罪治理

Control of Bribery in A Perspective of Criminal Integration

近年来,国家采取了一系列措施包括修改刑法,形成查处行贿犯罪的高压态势。但现实中仍存在对行贿犯罪惩治数量有限、惩治力度较低的状况,对这种状况存在的现实合理性有不同看法。行贿犯罪治理应纳入“刑事一体化”视阈,考察查处行贿与查处受贿的一致性及其矛盾关系并把握打击重点;考察程序法意义上,证据搜集程序及证明制度对实体法实施的制约;考察贿赂案件办案实践中取证难题包括伦理困境的影响。因此应将“严而不厉”作为行贿犯罪治理的指导思想。一方面,对于行贿治理应当坚持法律规制的严格性。重点打击情节严重、影响恶劣的行贿犯罪,严格适用人身刑、财产刑及追赃措施,综合应用较为严格的刑事措施和社会措施,同时注意在法律规制上补短板、求平衡。另一方面,又须从贿赂案件办案实际出发,坚持政策措施的灵活性。应坚持与正确把握“不正当利益”的定罪实体条件,应挖掘特别从宽制度的实践潜力并采取较灵活的解释方法,应视情综合运用轻缓化法律措施,最后建议斟酌创设符合我国实际的“污点证人”制度。

In recent years,a series of measures have been taken,including the amendment of the Criminal Law,to maintain high pressure on the control of bribery crimes.However,in re-ality,the punishment of offering bribes is still not enough,and people have different views to-wards this issue.The control of offering bribes should be viewed in a perspective of criminal inte-gration.We should look into the relationship between combating offering bribes and combating accepting bribes,and grasp the focus of combat.We should also inspect the substantive regula-tions imposed by evidence collection and the system of proof,and pay attention to the difficulties of evidence collection in the investigation of bribery crimes,including the impact of ethical dilem-mas.Therefore,we should follow a"Strict but not Harsh"principle in controlling offering bribes.On the one hand,we should strictly follow laws and regulations in combating offering bribes and mainly strike bribery activities which are serious and have adverse influences,strictly apply personal penalties,property penalties and recover illicit money and goods.Apply criminal and social measures comprehensively to make up the weaknesses in legal regulations.On the oth-er hand,we should give proper consideration to the specific situations in individual cases and be flexible in applying policies and laws.We should insist on and accurately apply the substantive condition of"illegitimate benefits"for conviction,correctly interpret and apply the policy of spe-cial leniency.Finally,it is recommended to establish a"tainted witness"system which suits the situation in our country.