教育失配经历对企业雇佣决策的影响:来自简历投递实验和在线招聘职位的证据

The Effect of Educational Mismatch Experiences on Firm Hiring Decisions:Evidence from Audit Study and Online Job Postings

伴随我国高等教育扩张进程,劳动力市场中的教育失配现象日渐凸显。本文聚焦高学历者的教育失配经历对企业雇佣决策的影响,通过区分纵向失配和横向失配,分别从劳动力供给侧和需求侧来检验教育失配经历对雇佣决策产生的异质性后果。实证数据来自2023年中国在线联合调查实验项目,该项目通过抓取在线招聘职位和实施简历投递实验来加强因果推断(样本量为37273份)。实验结果表明:第一,教育失配经历对雇佣决策的影响呈现高度异质性。相较于纵向匹配,纵向失配者的简历回应率显著更低,反映出纵向失配潜藏着疤痕效应。相比于横向匹配,横向失配者的简历回应率显著更高,并且主要由横向高配者所驱动,由此揭示出横向高配具有赋能效应。第二,供给侧的性别因素、学校层级和前职公司,显著调节着失配经历对雇佣决策的影响。第三,需求侧的组织产权类型、岗位要求和城市环境,也会显著调节失配经历对雇佣决策的效应。本文揭示出教育失配经历对企业雇佣决策的异质性后果,对于加强高学历者就业质量和推动经济社会高质量发展具有重要意义。

With the expansion of higher education in China,the phenomenon of educational mismatch in the labor market is becoming increasingly prominent.This study focuses on the effects of educational mismatch experiences among highly educated individuals on firm hiring decisions,differentiating between vertical and horizontal mismatch and exploring their heterogeneous effects on both labor supply and demand.Empirical data is derived from the 2023 Conjoint Online Survey Experiment Research in China,utilizing online job postings and audit study to strengthen causal inference(with a sample size of 37273).The results reveal that,firstly,the effects of educational mismatch experiences on hiring decisions exhibit significant heterogeneity.Compared to vertical match,individuals experiencing vertical mismatch have significantly lower call back rates,indicating the scarring effect of vertical mismatch.In contrast,individuals experiencing horizontal mismatch have significantly higher call back rates,predominantly driven by those with horizontal overmatch,revealing an empowering effect.Secondly,supply-side factors such as gender,college prestige,and previous company significantly moderate the effects of mismatch experiences on hiring decisions.Thirdly,organizational property,job requirements,and city environment on the demand side also significantly moderate the effects of mismatch experiences on hiring decisions.This study uncovers the heterogeneous consequences of educational mismatch experiences on firm hiring decisions,providing valuable insights for enhancing the job quality of highly educated individuals and promoting high-quality economic and social development.