农民工与城镇职工的职业趋同:基本事实与影响机制

Occupational Convergence between Rural Migrants and Urban Workers:Stylized Factsand Mechanisms

职业是影响经济收入和社会地位的核心因素,促进农业转移人口有效融入城市需要理解农民工与城镇本地职工职业差异的基本事实和影响机制。本文在描述农民工和城镇职工职业差异动态变化的基础上,进一步将其分解为同化效应、组群效应和经验积累效应3类影响机制,并评估了相应的影响程度。实证结果表明:首先,2005~2015年职业隔离指数从0.369下降至0.325,农民工与城镇职工存在职业趋同;其次,同化效应和组群效应能够显著促进农民工与城镇职工职业趋同,且组群效应贡献度更高,但经验积累效应会显著抑制职业趋同;最后,农民工与城镇职工在就业上技能互补,农民工进城就业比例与城镇劳动力市场的工资水平正相关。本研究可以为高质量推进农民工城市融入提供政策启示。

Occupation plays a key role in determining individuals'economic income and social status.Understanding the stylized facts and underlying mechanisms of occupational differences between rural migrants and urban workers is essential for promoting the effective integration of rural migrants into cities.This paper describes the dynamic changes in occupational differences between rural migrants and urban workers.Then we further decompose the driving force of occupational change between these two groups into three channels:assimilation effect,cohort effect and experience accumulation effect,and evaluate their respective contributions.The empirical results show that,first,there is an occupational convergence between rural migrants and urban workers,with the occupational segregation index decreasing from 0.369 in 2005 to 0.325 in 2015.Second,both the assimilation effect and cohort effect significantly promote occupational convergence between rural migrants and urban workers,with the cohort effect contributing more.However,the experience accumulation effect impedes the convergence.Third,rural migrants and urban workers complement each other in employment,and the employment share of rural migrants positively correlates with the wage of urban workers.This study provides insightful policy implications for effectively facilitating the integration of rural migrants into cities.