高原运动对认知功能的影响

The effect of high-altitude exercise on cognitive function

高原地区低压低氧的环境特点,会给机体生理功能带来挑战,对认知表现产生影响。有氧运动能够增加神经可塑性,改善认知功能,但能否适用于高原环境,受认知任务类型、海拔高度、运动强度和暴露类型等因素的调节。目前用于解释高原运动影响认知表现涉及的因素包括:脑氧合、神经营养因子、氧化应激与神经免疫。未来研究应关注不同运动类型和运动强度对高原移、世居人群的影响,并采用神经生理手段进一步探究高原运动对认知功能的影响机制,为开具“高原运动处方”提供依据。

High-altitude(HA)environments,characterized by significant hypobaric hypoxia,are commonly associated with cognitive impairment.In contrast,aerobic exercise can increase neural plasticity and improve cognitive performance.Thus,in this review,we describe how aerobic exercise alters cognitive performance under conditions of both acute and long-term HA exposure,and propose that the combined effects of HA hypoxia and exercise are moderated by the hypoxia dose,type of cognitive function,exercise intensity,and exposure type.The potential physiological mechanisms underlying the effects of HA exercise on cognitive function are also explored,and it is proposed that changes in cerebral oxygenation,levels of neurotrophic factors,oxidative stress,and neuro-immunity account for the influence of combined HA hypoxia and exercise on cognitive performance.Future directions in investigating the effects of different forms and intensities of aerobic exercise on HA migrants and natives are suggested,together with the application of neurophysiological methods for further investigation of the mechanisms underlying the influence of high-altitude exercise on cognitive function,to provide evidence for“high-altitude exercise prescriptions”.