马克思主义的货币理论与货币政策研究

A Study on Monetary Theory and Monetary Policies in Marxism Political Economy

商品价值从而劳动时间在货币上的独立表现,给社会生产施加了货币约束,它的边界随着货币形式与货币数量的内生发展持续变化,表现为货币金字塔为了适应商品流通和资本积累动态进行的扩张与收缩。国家承担着维护货币品质和货币流通、规训货币金融体系、促进经济发展的重要职能。马克思主义认为,对货币政策机制及其效果的考察需要区分作为货币的货币与作为资本的货币、货币与信用、正常时期和危机阶段、货币危机不同类型等结构性因素,数量型和价格型货币政策的原理与有效性也不尽相同。然而,社会生产的货币约束和货币关系的固有矛盾绝不会因为货币形式、数量的发展和国家货币政策的干预而消除,它们为货币改革设定了天然界限。

The independently monetary expression of labor time thus commodity value,puts a monetary constraint on social production,the boundary of which is changing according to the endogenous development of forms and quantities of money.This means the expansion and contraction of monetary pyramid should adapt to the need of commodity circulation and capital accumulation.The state has important functions in maintaining money quality and its circulation,disciplining monetary and financial system,and promoting economic development.For Marxists,to analyze the mechanisms and effects of monetary policies,we should distinguish between money as money and money as capital,money and credit,normal time and crisis,even different types of monetary crises.Furthermore,the principle and effectiveness of quantity-based and price-based monetary policies can also vary greatly.However,the monetary constraint of social production and the inherent contradiction of monetary relations cannot be eliminated by the development of money forms,quantity,and state intervention,which set a natural limit on monetary reform.