机构养老的家庭参与现状及影响因素分析

Analysis on the status quo and influencing factors of family involvement behavior for the elderly lived in nursing homes

目的调查机构养老的家庭参与行为水平,探讨其影响因素。方法2021年7月至2022年5月随机抽取重庆市5所养老机构128名老人的家属为研究对象,采用一般情况调查表、家庭参与机构养老行为量表进行问卷调查。结果家庭参与机构养老行为各条目均分为(3.36±0.74)分,处于中等水平,其中“参与生活照护”维度得分最低,其次是“参与指导建议”和“参与决策支持”维度,“参与经济支持”维度得分最高。多元线性逐步回归分析发现,老人的居住情况(β=-0.220,95%CI:-19.565~-4.693,t=3.224,P=0.002)及婚姻状况(β=0.296,95%CI:7.746~19.977,t=4.480,P<0.001),家属与老人的关系(β=0.333,95%CI:6.831~15.340,t=5.150,P<0.001)、居住距离(β=-0.427,95%CI:-16.117~-8.804,t=6.735,P<0.001)、家庭人均月收入(β=0.212,95%CI:2.279~10.276,t=3.103,P=0.002)是影响机构养老的家庭参与行为的主要因素(P<0.05),可解释总变异的43.00%。结论机构养老的家庭参与行为仍待提升,老人非独居、无伴侣者,家属居住距离较远、家庭人均月收入较低、非老人子女者,机构管理者应加强沟通与指导,促进家属参与老人的机构养老当中。

Objective To investigate the level of family involvement behavior for the elderly lived in nursing homes and analyze its influencing factors.Methods From July 2021 to May 2022,a total of 128 family members of the elderly from 5 nursing home were randomly selected as the research objects.The general situation questionnaire and the family involvement behavior scale of institutionalized care were used.Results The items average score of family involvement behavior of institutionalized care was(3.36±0.74)points,which was at a medium level.The"involvement in life care"dimension scored lowest,followed by the"involvement in guidance and advice"and"involvement in decision support"dimension.The"involvement in economic support"dimension scored highest.Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the the elderly's living situation(β=-0.220,95%CI:-19.565 to-4.693,t=3.224,P=0.002)and marital status(β=0.296,95%CI:7.746-19.977,t=4.480,P<0.001),family members'distance from the institution(β=-0.427,95%CI:-16.117 to-8.804,t=6.735,P<0.001),the per capita monthly household income(β=0.212,95%CI:2.279-10.276,t=3.103,P=0.002)and the relationship with the elderly(β=0.333,95%CI:6.831-15.340,t=5.150,P<0.001)were the main influencing factors of family involvement behavior of institutionalized care(P<0.05),explaining 44.10%of the total variation.Conclusion Family involvement behavior of institutionalized care still to be improved.For the elderly who are not living alone and have no partner,family members living far away,have low family per capita monthly income and are not children of the elderly,institutional managers should strengthen communication and guidance to promote family members'participating behavior.