滇龙胆中药有效成分与土壤理化因子的相关性研究

Study on the correlation between the active constituents of Gentiana rigescens Franch.and soil physicochemical properties

目的 探讨土壤理化因子与滇龙胆中药有效成分间的内在联系。方法 采集大理市、保山市、临沧市和毕节市4个产地7个样点滇龙胆植株及根际土壤,测定土壤理化因子、滇龙胆中有效成分(龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苦苷、当药苷、马钱苷酸)的含量。通过相关性分析、主成分分析和多元逐步回归分析研究有效成分含量与土壤理化因子的关系。结果 通过相关性分析发现,龙胆苦苷含量与土壤pH、全钾、多酚氧化酶呈极显著正相关;獐牙菜苦苷含量与土壤有机质、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾等呈极显著正相关;当药苷含量与全钾和多酚氧化酶呈显著正相关;马钱苷酸含量与土壤pH呈极显著正相关。通过逐步回归分析发现影响龙胆苦苷含量的主导土壤因子为全钾、多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶等;影响獐牙菜苦苷含量的主导土壤因子为多酚氧化酶、全磷等;影响当药苷含量的主导土壤因子为有机质、脲酶;影响马钱苷酸含量的主导土壤因子为pH、多酚氧化酶。结论 土壤理化性质是影响滇龙胆中药品质的重要因素,且各土壤因子之间存在协同效应。

Objective To understand the internal relationship between soil physicochemical factors and the effective components of Gentian.Methods Gentiana plants and rhizosphere soil were collected from 7 samples from 4 producing areas in Dali City,Baoshan City,Lincang City and Bijie City,and the content of soil physicochemical factors and active components(Gentiopicro⁃side,Swerotiamarin,Dangyaoside and Maganicin)of Gentiana were determined.Correlation analysis,principal component analy⁃sis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to study the relationship between the content of active components and soil physicochemical factors.Results The correlation analysis showed that the content of Gentiopicroside was positively correlated with soil pH,total potassium and polyphenol oxidase.The content of Swerotiamarin was positively correlated with soil organic matter,hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium.The content of Dangyaoside was positively correlated with total potassium and polyphenol oxidase.The content of Maganicin was positively correlated with soil pH.Through stepwise regression analysis,it was found that the main soil factors affecting Gentiopicroside content were total potassium,polyphenol oxidase,cata⁃lase,etc.The main soil factors affecting the content of Swerotiamarin were polyphenol oxidase and total phosphorus.The main soil factors affecting the content of Dangyaoside were Organic matter and urease.The main soil factors affecting the content of Ma⁃ganicin were pH and polyphenol oxidase.Conclusion Soil physical and chemical properties are important factors affecting the quality of Chinese medicine of Gentiana rigescens Franch,and there is a synergistic effect among all soil factors.