论陀思妥耶夫斯基创作中的疯癫叙事

On Insanity Narrative in Dostoevsky's Creation

疯癫是陀思妥耶夫斯基创作的“家族类似性”,很早就引起中外斯拉夫学者的关注,但大多数人只关注疯癫的审美价值,却忽视了疯癫的诗学特征。疯癫对于一些俄罗斯作家而言是审美事件的启动机制,是苦难美学的重要元素,更是思想产生的媒介。陀思妥耶夫斯基的哲学思想往往以碎片化形式呈现,其中一个重要原因就是思想的发生路径与疯癫有关。19世纪的尼古拉·斯特拉霍夫和20世纪德国学者赖因哈德·劳特,都强调作家本人的身体感受和精神疾病导致了其笔下人物精神状态的异常。巴赫金在指出作家作品的对话性特征和复调性的同时,也发现个体意识中深藏着与该个体截然对立的“我眼中之他人”,这为疯癫成为思想的土壤和诗学的要素提供了理论依据。

Insanity is a family resemblance in Dostoevsky's creation,which has attracted the attention of Slavic scholars abroab and in China for a long time.However,most of them only focus on the aesthetic value of insanity but ignore poetic characteristics in writer's fictions.Indeed,insanity is not only the start mechanism of the aesthetic events,but also the very element of suffering aesthetics and plays a role as a medium of thought.One of the major reasons that Dostoevsky's philosophical ideas tend to be presented in a fragmented form is that the path of thought is related to insanity.Nikolay Strakhov in the 19th century and Reinhard Lauth in the 20th century both hold that the writer's physical feelings directly lead to the abnormal spirit of the characters in the works.Bakhtin emphasizes the dialogism and polyphony of the writer's works,but also finds that there is"other in my eyes"in the individual consciousness,which is diametrically opposed to the individual,providing a theoretical basis for the insanity making thought.