汉语“有”的语义基元“存在”及“领属”义的来源与特征

The Semantic Primitives of you in Chinese:The Source and Properties of EXISTENCE and POSSESSION

文章从概念基元“存在”在汉语里的词汇表达、“领属”的原型特征及其来源出发,通过个体与系统发生学、句法语义及认知等维度,证明了“有”的“存在”义先于“领属”义是内在的绝对的,即其语义基元是“存在”而非“领属”。在此过程中,文章深入挖掘了“领属”的概念语义及“有”字领属句的特征:“领属”是人类自我中心的体现,主观性显著,是基元“存在”的次范畴化的产物,其次范畴化方式是对“存在”的经验或文化构型。“有”字领属句的显著特征是一定以“存在”句作为它的底层。此外,文章还简要说明了“存在”是“有”的基元的价值,可经济、直观、与语感相宜地刻画或解释相关事实或现象。

From the perspectives of etymology,syntax,semantics and cognition,this paper studies the you expressions based on the semantic primitives of EXISTENCE and its derived meaning POSSESSION in Chinese.It draws the conclusion that the emergence of the meaning of EXISTENCE is earlier than that of the meaning of POSSESSION and the semantic primitive of you is EXISTENCE rather than POSSESSION.Through the investigations of the conceptual meaning of you and the possessive sentences marked by it,it is concluded that the POSSESSION meaning is the result of the subcategorization of the semantic primitive of EXISTENCE and the configuration of experience and culture,and hence a subjective manifestation of human self-centered cognition.You possessive sentences in Chinese have some remarkable features which come from their existential roots.EXISTENCE as the semantic primitive of you can be used to explain related phenomena both economically and in a more convincingway.