运动调控胞外囊泡生物发生的研究进展

Progress in the study of exercise-regulated extracellular vesicle biogenesis

胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)是一类由细胞释放的各种具有膜性结构的囊泡的统称,其能被大多数细胞所分泌,通过携带核酸、蛋白质、脂质等特定的生物活性分子到达靶细胞实现细胞间信息交流。目前EV的生物发生调节已成为疾病防治的关键靶点,受到广泛关注。运动能够促进EV的释放,调节其内容物构成,上述作用甚至被认为是机体对运动产生适应的标志。运动时信号通路(如Ca^(2+)、mTOR、STAT3等)的激活,细胞微环境(如pH和氧浓度等)乃至EV生物发生相关蛋白质翻译后修饰的变化都会影响EV的形成、内容物分选及囊泡运输等过程。该综述总结了EV的生物发生过程、运动对EV生物发生的影响,并根据现有研究,从信号通路、细胞微环境及蛋白质翻译后修饰的角度分析运动调节EV生物发生的可能机制。

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are a type of vesicles with membranous structures released by cells,which can be secreted by most cells and carry specific bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids,proteins,and lipids to target cells for intercellular information exchange.At present,the biogenic regulation of EV has become a key target for disease prevention and control,receiving widespread attention.Exercise can promote the release of EV and regulate its content composition,which is even considered a sign of the body's adaptation to exercise.The activation of signaling pathways(such as Ca^(2+),mTOR,STAT3,etc.)during exercise,changes in cellular microenvironment(such as pH and oxygen concentration),and even in posttranslational modifications of EV-related proteins can affect the formation of EV,content sorting,and vesicular transport processes.In this review we summarize the biogenic process of EV and the impact of exercise on EV biogenesis.Based on existing research,we analyze the possible mechanisms by which exercise regulates EV biogenesis from the perspectives of signaling pathways,cellular microenvironment,and protein post-translational modifications.