天然免疫和获得性免疫异常在阿尔茨海默病发生发展中的作用

The Abnormal Innate and Acquired Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是最常见的神经退行性疾病,其典型病理特征包括脑中细胞外沉积的β淀粉样蛋白(amyloid-β,Aβ)和神经元内由高度磷酸化的tau蛋白组成的神经纤维缠结(neurofibrillary tangles,NFTs)。虽然AD的发病机制还没有被完全阐明,但近来越来越多的证据提示,免疫系统失调与AD的发生发展密切相关。该综述总结了AD发病机制中与免疫相关的病理变化,重点关注了天然免疫和获得性免疫的相关机制及其相互作用,以期为AD的发病机制提供新的见解以及为未来AD的免疫相关研究提供新的方向。

AD(Alzheimer’s disease)is the most common neurodegenerative disease.The pathological hallmarks of AD include the extracellular deposition of Aβ(amyloid-β)and the intracellular NFTs(neurofibrillary tangles)composed of hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain.Although the underlying mechanisms of AD remain to be fully elucidated,increasing evidence suggests that dysregulation of the immune system is closely associated with the pathogenesis of AD.This paper reviews the recent progresses regarding the abnormalities of both innate and ac-quired immunity associated with AD.Hopefully,this review will provide new insights into the mechanisms under-lying AD and offer a framework serving as a roadmap for future studies.