基于多式联运的铁路货物分类调整探讨

Discussion on the Adjustment of Railway Commodity Classification Based on Multimodal Transport

优化调整铁路货物分类体系是贯彻落实国务院关于推进多式联运发展、推进运输服务规则衔接等具体要求的重要措施之一。在阐述铁路货物分类现状及存在问题的基础上,对包含国际间《商品名称和编码协调制度》(HS)和我国行业标准在内的国内外主要货物分类标准进行分析研究,从标准修订、动态调整、货物名称规范、货物归类及与外部标准衔接等方面总结了对铁路货物分类调整的可借鉴经验。提出既适合铁路货运改革又能促进多式联运发展的铁路货物分类优化调整思路,包括优化既有铁路货物分类标准的品名和小类、优化品名新增机制以及建立铁路货物分类与外部标准之间的衔接机制。

Optimizing and adjusting the railway commodity classification system is one of the important measures to act on the specific requirements of the State Council for the development of multimodal transport and the alignment of transportation service rules.Based on an elucidation of the current status and existing issues of railway commodity classification,this paper analyzed and studied the major commodity classification standards,including“The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System”(HS)for international use and the industry standards adopted in China,and summarized valuable experience in railway commodity classification adjustment from the perspectives of standard revision,dynamic adjustment,standardization of commodity description,commodity classification,and alignment with external standards,etc.It proposed an approach to railway commodity classification optimization and adjustment that not only suits the reform of railway freight transportation but also promotes the development of multimodal transport,which involves optimizing the descriptions and subcategories of the existing railway commodity classification standards,optimizing the mechanism for adding new descriptions,and establishing a mechanism for aligning railway commodity classification with external standards.