基于“模糊-冲突”属性识别的学校体育政策执行特征分析

Implementation Characteristics of School P.E Policies Based on Identification of“Ambiguity-conflict”Attribute

对不同层级政策模糊性与冲突性的有效识别是了解政策执行状况的重要方面,为纾解学校体育政策执行困境提供了新的视角。运用政策量化分析法,以812份省、市、县级政策为研究样本,识别地方政府政策执行的模糊与冲突水平,发现我国学校体育政策执行的重要特征。研究认为,学校体育政策在省—市—县级政府间的流变体现出模糊性先上升再下降,在县级政府层面最低的特点;冲突性的整体水平较高,在县级政府层面达到最高水平。结合政策“模糊—冲突”识别过程,立足政策执行具体情境,我国学校体育政策执行表现出政策执行自上而下的线性逻辑不清、政策执行体系系统性不强、执行压力U型波动导致基层主体变通性执行等重要特征。通过强化政策执行线性传导机制、高位入手与基层推进有效衔接、完善政策执行督导体系、普及优先发展青少年和学校体育的教育理念等方式降低政策执行模糊性与冲突性,提升学校体育政策执行质量。

The effective identification of the ambiguity and conflict of government policies at different levels is an important aspect of understanding the status of policy implementation,providing a new perspective for solving the difficulties of school P.E policy implementation.Through policy quantitative analysis,812 provincial,municipal,and county-level policies were used as research samples to identify the level of ambiguity and conflict in the implementation of local government policies,and to identify important characteristics of school P.E policy implementation in China.Research suggested that the evolution of school P.E policies among provincial,municipal,and county-level governments reflected a characteristic of ambiguity that first increased and then decreased,with the lowest at the county government level.The overall level of conflict was relatively high,reaching the highest at the county government level.Combining the process of identifying policy“ambiguity-conflict”and based on the specific situation of policy implementation,the implementation was unclear logic from top to bottom,not systematic policy implementation,and a U shaped fluctuations in execution by grassroots entities.The improvement of policy implementation involved strengthening the publicity mechanism of policy implementation,integrating the authority guidance with the grassroots execution,perfecting the supervision system,popularizing the educational concept of prioritizing the development of youth sports,reducing the ambiguity and conflict in policy implementation etc.